Prevalence, intensity and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis after five effective rounds of preventive chemotherapy across three implementation units in Ondo State, Nigeria.

Background: Routine epidemiological data are essential for monitoring the effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy (PC), optimizing resource allocation, and addressing the evolving needs in the elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH). This study assesses the prevalence, intensity, and associated risk factors of STH following five rounds of albendazole-based PC in three implementation units (IUs) in Ondo State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Fresh stool samples were collected from 2,093 children aged 5-14 years across 45 systematically selected schools in three IUs: Ese-Odo, Irele, and Ile-Oluji.

Restricting lysine normalizes toxic catabolites associated with ALDH7A1 deficiency in cells and mice.

Lysine metabolism converges at α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH7A1). Rare loss-of-function mutations in ALDH7A1 cause a toxic accumulation of lysine catabolites, including piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C), that are thought to cause fatal seizures in children unless strictly managed with dietary lysine reduction. In this study, we perform metabolomics and expression analysis of tissues from Aldh7a1-deficient mice, which reveal tissue-specific differences in lysine metabolism and other metabolic pathways.

A Case of Suspected Metastatic Lung Cancer With Delayed Neurologic Presentation.

This case report details the clinical journey of an 81-year-old male presenting with significant weight loss, seizures, dysphagia, and rapidly progressive right-sided hearing loss. Initially, he experienced a tonic-clonic seizure, prompting an extensive diagnostic workup. Imaging studies, including CT and MRI, revealed multifocal cortical lesions, initially misinterpreted as cavernous hemangiomas.

Aplastic Anemia With Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia.

This case highlights the multifaceted challenges of managing aplastic anemia, especially when complicated by non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI). The patient's clinical course underscores the importance of a conservative, multidisciplinary approach in balancing the risks of invasive procedures with the need for effective diagnostics and treatment. Recognizing the risks associated with pancytopenia, including life-threatening bleeding and infections, is critical in managing such patients.

Is there a LINKAGE between credit access, land use, and crop diversification in achieving food security? Evidence from cocoa-producing households in Nigeria.

Cocoa farmers in Nigeria adopt crop diversification to safeguard the food security of their households. Although credit and land are thought to play a vital role in crop diversification, they continue to have limited access to credit and land. This study investigated the linkages between access to credit, land use, crop diversification, and food security with a focus on cocoa farming households.

Opinion review of drug resistant tuberculosis in West Africa: tackling the challenges for effective control.

Drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern globally, complicating TB control and management efforts. West Africa has historically faced difficulty in combating DR-TB due to limited diagnostic skills, insufficient access to excellent healthcare, and ineffective healthcare systems. This has aided in the emergence and dissemination of DR complex (MTBC) strains in the region.

Incidence of typhoid fever in Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, and Nigeria (the Severe Typhoid in Africa programme): a population-based study.

Background: Typhoid Fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income settings. The Severe Typhoid in Africa programme was designed to address regional gaps in typhoid burden data and identify populations eligible for interventions using novel typhoid conjugate vaccines.

Methods: A hybrid design, hospital-based prospective surveillance with population-based health-care utilisation surveys, was implemented in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Networking and training for IMPROVEMENT of farm income: A case of lifelong learning (L3F) approach in West Africa.

The lifelong learning for farmers program of the Commonwealth of Learning relies heavily on innovation platforms to address the critical information gap left by agricultural research and development, which often fails to reach the intended rural farmers. The fundamental tenet is that these activities require a space for stakeholders to collaborate, overcome obstacles, and seize opportunities for agricultural development. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of networking and training on farm income in West Africa.

Whole genomes from bacteria collected at diagnostic units around the world 2020.

The Two Weeks in the World research project has resulted in a dataset of 3087 clinically relevant bacterial genomes with pertaining metadata, collected from 59 diagnostic units in 35 countries around the world during 2020. A relational database is available with metadata and summary data from selected bioinformatic analysis, such as species prediction and identification of acquired resistance genes.

Public perceptions of vehicular traffic emissions on health risk in Lagos metropolis Nigeria: A critical survey.

The perception and behavior of the public is key in reducing Traffic-related air pollution health burdens which has become an increasingly alarming problem in many cities across the globe. The study assessed the perception of the public about vehicle traffic emissions and the health hazard associated with them in Lagos, Nigeria using structured questionnaires. Multivariate statistical analysis and structural equation modeling were performed to determine the factors that were associated with the participant's perception of traffic air pollution and the health risks it presents.

A four-drug standardized short regimen for highly resistant TB in South-West Nigeria.

Background: Patients with TB resistant to rifampicin (Rr-TB), and those with additional resistance to fluoroquinolones (pre-XDR-TB), should be treated with bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid-moxifloxacin and bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid, respectively. However, pretomanid is not yet widely available.

Methods: This is a pragmatic prospective single-arm study investigating the efficacy and safety of 9 mo of bedaquiline-delamanid-linezolid-clofazimine in patients with pre-XDR-TB or Rr-TB unresponsive to Rr-TB treatment in Nigeria.

Restoring non-COVID-19 clinical research and surveillance in Oyo state, Nigeria during the SARS-CoV-2pandemic.

Background: Many sub-Saharan African patients receive clinical care from extramurally-supported research and surveillance. Dur- ing the COVID-19 pandemic, pausing these activities reduces pa- tient care, surveillance, and research staff employment, increasing pandemic losses. In Oyo State, Nigeria, we paused a multi-country invasive salmonellosis surveillance initiative and a rural clinical bac- teriology project.

Association of MC1R variation and plumage color diversity of Nigerian domestic pigeon ().

Objectives: Domestic pigeons () have diverse plumage pigmentations. Melanocortin 1 receptor () gene variation has been correlated with color traits. The association between and plumage coloration in African domestic pigeons is yet to be investigated.

Genomic characterization of invasive typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella in southwestern Nigeria.

Background: Salmonellosis causes significant morbidity and mortality in Africa. Information on lineages of invasive Salmonella circulating in Nigeria is sparse.

Methods: Salmonella enterica isolated from blood (n = 60) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, n = 3) between 2016 and 2020 from five tertiary hospitals in southwest Nigeria were antimicrobial susceptibility-tested and Illumina-sequenced.

No Back-up Plan: Loss of Isozyme Diversity as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer.

Metabolic rewiring in cancer cells supports many aspects of tumor growth. Understanding the mechanisms that result in metabolic rewiring, such as altered enzyme expression, is key to identifying therapeutic vulnerabilities that selectively target cancer cells. In this issue of Cancer Research, Marczyk and colleagues analyze matched tumor-normal enzyme expression across 14 different cancer types and report that cancer cells exhibit a general loss of isozyme diversity (LID) relative to corresponding normal tissue.

Diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among patients with tuberculosis attending directly observed treatment centres in Oyo State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional evaluation.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity is evolving into an emerging epidemic globally. In Nigeria, a high burden of both diseases, respectively, exists with limited information on tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus (TB-DM) comorbidity. We determined the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level among patients with TB and factors associated with TB-DM comorbidity in Oyo State, South-west Nigeria.

PERICARDIAL EFFUSION IN A PATIENT WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM: A CASE REPORT.

Pericarditis and pericardial effusion are commonly associated with hypothyroidism. It is an uncommon association with hyperthyroidism. We present a case of pericarditis/pericardial effusion in a 28-year-old Nigerian lady with hyperthyroidism.

Impacts of farmers' participation in social capital networks on climate change adaptation strategies adoption in Nigeria.

Most studies on climate change adaptation strategies adoption have focused on economic factors with little or no attention to the impact of collective actions and social capital networks. This paper investigates how farmers' participation in social capital networks influenced climate change adaptation strategies adoption in Nigeria. This study was carried out in the South-western Nigeria.

A Cross-Sectional Comprehensive Assessment of the Profile and Burden of Non-motor Symptoms in Relation to Motor Phenotype in the Nigeria Parkinson Disease Registry Cohort.

Background: Data on non-motor symptoms (NMS) in black Africans with Parkinson's disease (PD) are sparse.

Objective: To describe the profile of NMS in the Nigeria PD Registry (NPDR) cohort and explore the relationship between NMS and PD motor phenotype.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of the frequency and burden of NMS, based on the non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS) and the Chaudhuri method respectively in our cohort.

Multimodal Prehabilitation During Neoadjuvant Therapy Prior to Esophagogastric Cancer Resection: Effect on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Performance, Muscle Mass and Quality of Life-A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Neoadjuvant therapy reduces fitness, muscle mass, and quality of life (QOL). For patients undergoing chemotherapy and surgery for esophagogastric cancer, maintenance of fitness is paramount. This study investigated the effect of exercise and psychological prehabilitation on anaerobic threshold (AT) at cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Does social capital improve farm productivity and food security? Evidence from cocoa-based farming households in Southwestern Nigeria.

This study investigated the impact of social capital on farm productivity and food security among cocoa-based farming households in Southwestern, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 300 cocoa-based farming households for the study. Two-step Heckman and three-stage simultaneous models were used for the analyses.

Tolerance and outcome of hypofractionated post-mastectomy radiotherapy among elderly breast cancer patients in a specialized center in Nigeria.

Background: The incidence of breast cancer rises dramatically with age, and numerous studies have reported the benefits of post mastectomy radiotherapy in both young and elderly breast cancer patients. The limited numbers of radiotherapy machines and the conventional fractionation schedule which are of long duration make access to radiotherapy more difficult especially among the elderly in Nigeria. Hypo fractionated radiotherapy offers an alternative option (with a shorter duration and comparable side effects and outcomes) to conventional radiotherapy as reported in western literatures.