Occipital artery to upper posterior circulation bypass through the presigmoid approach in revascularization of the posterior circulation: An anatomical study.

We describe a novel extracranial (EC)-to-intracranial (IC) bypass technique between the occipital artery and upper posterior circulation (UPC) for revascularization of the posterior circulation through the presigmoid approach. Five formalin-fixed human heads were examined to demonstrate the detailed anatomy of the occipital artery and UPC and illustrate the step-by-step bypass procedure. The occipital artery, a branch of the external carotid artery, can be anastomosed to the P2/P3 segment of the posterior cerebral artery and S1/S2 segments of the superior cerebellar artery as an alternative to EC bypass donor segments for treatment of affection requiring revascularization.

Clinical Features, Surgical Treatment, and Long-Term Outcome of a Multicenter Cohort of Pediatric Moyamoya.

This study aims to investigate the clinical features, long-term outcomes, and prognostic predictors of a multicenter cohort of children with moyamoya disease. A series of 303 consecutive pediatric moyamoya disease (MMD) patients were screened in the present study. The clinical characteristics were retrospectively collected, and long-term outcomes was evaluated.