Ebola vaccine trials: progress in vaccine safety and immunogenicity.

: Ebolaviruses are non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses in the family that cause a neglected infectious disease designated as Ebola virus disease (EVD). The most prominent member is the Ebola virus (EBOV), representing the species that has been responsible for the largest reported EVD outbreaks including the West African epidemic and the current outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Today, the most advanced EVD vaccine approaches target EBOV and multiple phase 1-4 human trials have been performed over the past few years.

Nipah Virus-Like Particle Egress Is Modulated by Cytoskeletal and Vesicular Trafficking Pathways: a Validated Particle Proteomics Analysis.

Classified as a biosafety level 4 (BSL4) select agent, Nipah virus (NiV) is a deadly henipavirus in the family, with a nearly 75% mortality rate in humans, underscoring its global and animal health importance. Elucidating the process of viral particle production in host cells is imperative both for targeted drug design and viral particle-based vaccine development. However, little is understood concerning the functions of cellular machinery in paramyxoviral and henipaviral assembly and budding.

The Role of Nucleic Acid Sensing in Controlling Microbial and Autoimmune Disorders.

Innate immunity, the first line of defense against invading pathogens, is an ancient form of host defense found in all animals, from sponges to humans. During infection, innate immune receptors recognize conserved molecular patterns, such as microbial surface molecules, metabolites produces during infection, or nucleic acids of the microbe's genome. When initiated, the innate immune response activates a host defense program that leads to the synthesis proteins capable of pathogen killing.

Cytoplasmic Motifs in the Nipah Virus Fusion Protein Modulate Virus Particle Assembly and Egress.

Nipah virus (NiV), a paramyxovirus in the genus , has a mortality rate in humans of approximately 75%. While several studies have begun our understanding of NiV particle formation, the mechanism of this process remains to be fully elucidated. For many paramyxoviruses, M proteins drive viral assembly and egress; however, some paramyxoviral glycoproteins have been reported as important or essential in budding.