A three-dimensional analysis of the development of cranial nerves in human embryos.

To increase our understanding of the etiology of specific neurological disorders (e.g., Duane syndrome, glossoptosis in Pierre Robin sequence), proper knowledge of anatomy and embryology of cranial nerves is necessary.

The tubarial salivary glands: A potential new organ at risk for radiotherapy.

Introduction: The presence of previously unnoticed bilateral macroscopic salivary gland locations in the human nasopharynx was suspected after visualization by positron emission tomography/computed tomography with prostate-specific membrane antigen ligands (PSMA PET/CT). We aimed to elucidate the characteristics of this unknown entity and its potential clinical implications for radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: The presence and configuration of the PSMA-positive area was evaluated in a retrospective cohort of consecutively scanned patients with prostate or urethral gland cancer (n = 100).

Development of placental abnormalities in location and anatomy.

Low-lying placentas, placenta previa and abnormally invasive placentas are the most frequently occurring placental abnormalities in location and anatomy. These conditions can have serious consequences for mother and fetus mainly due to excessive blood loss before, during or after delivery. The incidence of such abnormalities is increasing, but treatment options and preventive strategies are limited.

E12 technique: Conventional epoxy resin sheet plastination.

Epoxy plastination techniques were developed to obtain thin transparent body slices with high anatomical detail. This is facilitated because the plastinated tissue is transparent and the topography of the anatomical structures well preserved. For this reason, thin epoxy slices are currently used for research purposes in both macroscopic and microscopic studies.

P40 polyester sheet plastination technique for brain and body slices: The vertical and horizontal flat chamber methods.

The P40 technique produces high-quality brain and body slices and is the user-friendliest of the polyester techniques. The P40 polyester technique follows the same classical steps for plastination. That is, preparation of the specimen, fixation (optional), dehydration by freeze substitution, forced impregnation and curing.

Embryology, anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the peritoneum and the peritoneal vasculature.

The peritoneum is a large serous membrane with both epithelial and mesenchymal features, and is essential for maintaining an intra-abdominal homeostatic equilibrium. The peritoneum plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a number of disorders. Pathological processes affecting the peritoneum such as inflammation and carcinomatosis can have serious clinical consequences, but the pathophysiology of these conditions is poorly understood.

An interactive three-dimensional digital atlas and quantitative database of human development.

Current knowledge about human development is based on the description of a limited number of embryonic specimens published in original articles and textbooks, often more than 100 years ago. It is exceedingly difficult to verify this knowledge, given the restricted availability of human embryos. We created a three-dimensional digital atlas and database spanning the first 2 months of human development, based on analysis of nearly 15,000 histological sections of the renowned Carnegie Collection of human embryonic specimens.

Towards a 3-dimensional atlas of the developing human embryo: the Amsterdam experience.

Knowledge of complex morphogenetic processes that occur during embryonic development is essential for understanding anatomy and to get insight in the pathogenesis of congenital malformations. Understanding these processes can be facilitated by using a three-dimensional (3D) developmental series of human embryos, which we aim to create in this project. Digital images of serial sections of 34 human embryos of the Carnegie Collection between Carnegie stages 7 (15-17 days) and 23 (56-60 days) are used to create 3D reconstructions of different organ systems.

The ultrastructural organization of the isolated cortex in eggs ofNassarius reticulatus (Mollusca).

We have studied the organization of the cortex in fertilized eggs ofNassarius reticulatus by examining rotary-shadowed whole mounts of isolated cortices in the transmission electron microscope. The following components were distinguished: (a) the plasma membrane, with clathrin-coated areas and coated pits, (b) microfilaments and microtubules, and (c) a tubulovesicular network of endoplasmic reticulum. Microfilaments were identified by labeling with heavy meromyosin, and microtubules with a monoclonal anti-tubulin antibody, using both immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold labeling for transmission electron microscopy.