Development and validation of open-source deep neural networks for comprehensive chest x-ray reading: a retrospective, multicentre study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems for automated chest x-ray interpretation hold promise for standardising reporting and reducing delays in health systems with shortages of trained radiologists. Yet, there are few freely accessible AI systems trained on large datasets for practitioners to use with their own data with a view to accelerating clinical deployment of AI systems in radiology. We aimed to contribute an AI system for comprehensive chest x-ray abnormality detection.

18 F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis.

A 43-year-old woman, who presented with a suspected left breast abscess, underwent serial ultrasounds, which demonstrated inflammatory changes that were nonresponsive to antibiotics and which spread to the contralateral breast. 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated diffuse heterogeneous intense FDG uptake in both breasts with reactive axillary nodes. Breast biopsy confirmed granulomatous inflammation, and overall findings were consistent with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.

Diffusion-weighted imaging complements T2-weighted MRI for tumour response assessment in squamous anal carcinoma.

Objectives: A published tumour regression grade (TRG) score for squamous anal carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy based on T2-weighted MRI yields a high proportion of indeterminate responses (TRG-3). We investigate whether the addition of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) improves tumour response assessment in the early post treatment period.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective observational study included squamous anal carcinoma patients undergoing MRI before and within 3 months of completing chemoradiotherapy from 2009 to 2020.

Long-term variation in skeletal muscle and adiposity in patients undergoing esophagectomy.

This study seeks to define long-term variation in body composition in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer and to associate those changes with survival. Assessment of skeletal muscle, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was performed using computed tomography (CT) images routinely acquired: at diagnosis; after neoadjuvant therapy, and; >6 months after esophagectomy. In cases where multiple CT scans were performed >6 months after surgery, all available images were assessed.

Assessment of Technical Skills in Axillary Lymph Node Dissection.

Objective: A simulator to enable safe practice and assessment of ALND has been designed, and face, content and construct validity has been investigated.

Summary And Background Data: The reduction in the number of ALNDs conducted has led to decreased resident exposure and confidence.

Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter observational study was carried out between July 2017 and August 2018.

Attitudes and perceptions of UK medical students towards artificial intelligence and radiology: a multicentre survey.

Objectives: To explore the attitudes of United Kingdom (UK) medical students regarding artificial intelligence (AI), their understanding, and career intention towards radiology. We also examine the state of education relating to AI amongst this cohort.

Methods: UK medical students were invited to complete an anonymous electronic survey consisting of Likert and dichotomous questions.

Comparing transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy with conventional surgery in a UK population: A case control study.

Introduction: Transaxillary robotic thyroid surgery was pioneered in South Korea where cultural factors, anthropometry and remuneration favour this. Small thyroid nodules account for the majority of cases due to a national thyroid cancer screening programme. However, the technique has not been evaluated in the United Kingdom where larger thyroid nodules tend to undergo surgery in a patient population with a higher body mass index (BMI).

Reliability and validity of procedure-based assessments in otolaryngology training.

Objectives/hypothesis: To investigate the reliability and construct validity of procedure-based assessment (PBA) in assessing performance and progress in otolaryngology training.

Study Design: Retrospective database analysis using a national electronic database.

Methods: We analyzed PBAs of otolaryngology trainees in North London from core trainees (CTs) to specialty trainees (STs).