Intramedullary spinal cord involvement: a rare presentation of sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of uncertain etiology, which predominantly affects the lungs, eyes, lymph nodes, and skin. Nervous system involvement (neurosarcoidosis) occurs in approximately 5-10% of patients, but spinal cord involvement is very rare, affecting <1% of patients. We present a rare case of intramedullary sarcoidosis.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC), or neoplastic meningitis, occurs in about 5-20% of patients with metastatic cancer, depending on the type of the primary malignancy and kind of treatment received. The association of LMC with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare entity, and only two cases of papillary renal cell cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis have been reported. Leptomeningeal spread usually confers a poor prognosis despite the use of modern treatment strategies as compared to patients with extracranial metastases.