Prevalence and Patterns of Polysubstance Use (Tobacco and Other Substances) and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in a High-Risk Cohort for Oral Cancer in Varanasi, India, with a Special Focus on Young Emerging Adults.

Introduction: The dearth of population-based data on polysubstance use, especially in young emerging adults, presents a critical gap in understanding public health challenges, particularly in rural India, where tobacco and oral cancer are prevalent. This study addresses this gap by investigating the prevalence and patterns of substance use, with a focus on young emerging adults (18-29 years) within a high-risk cohort for oral cancer in Varanasi, India.

Methods: The study involved a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 10,101 participants within a high-risk cohort in rural settings of the Varanasi district between December 2020-June 2023.

Psychometric Properties of Telugu Version of Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-year-old Children.

Introduction: Only a finite number of standard oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures are available for young children. However, instead of using parents as proxies to report a child's oral health status, children's self-reported oral health measures would be more accurate in providing their own perceptions of oral impacts.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Telugu version of the scale of oral health outcomes (SOHO-5T) for 5-year-old children in Telangana.

Inter-observer agreement among specialists in the diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer using store-and-forward technology.

Objectives: Oral cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Screening and mobile Health (mHealth)-based approach facilitates early detection remotely in a resource-limited settings. Recent advances in eHealth technology have enabled remote monitoring and triage to detect oral cancer in its early stages.

CD44-SNA1 integrated cytopathology for delineation of high grade dysplastic and neoplastic oral lesions.

The high prevalence of oral potentially-malignant disorders exhibits diverse severity and risk of malignant transformation, which mandates a Point-of-Care diagnostic tool. Low patient compliance for biopsies underscores the need for minimally-invasive diagnosis. Oral cytology, an apt method, is not clinically applicable due to a lack of definitive diagnostic criteria and subjective interpretation.

Field validation of deep learning based Point-of-Care device for early detection of oral malignant and potentially malignant disorders.

Early detection of oral cancer in low-resource settings necessitates a Point-of-Care screening tool that empowers Frontline-Health-Workers (FHW). This study was conducted to validate the accuracy of Convolutional-Neural-Network (CNN) enabled m(mobile)-Health device deployed with FHWs for delineation of suspicious oral lesions (malignant/potentially-malignant disorders). The effectiveness of the device was tested in tertiary-care hospitals and low-resource settings in India.

Dimensional measurement accuracy of 3-dimensional models from cone beam computed tomography using different voxel sizes.

Objectives: To compare the geometric accuracy and measurement reliability of 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructed models of the mandible created from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images obtained with 0.2-mm and 0.4-mm voxel sizes with the reference standard model and compare the accuracy of the CBCT-based models to each other.

Point-of-care, smartphone-based, dual-modality, dual-view, oral cancer screening device with neural network classification for low-resource communities.

Oral cancer is a growing health issue in a number of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The described dual-modality, dual-view, point-of-care oral cancer screening device, developed for high-risk populations in remote regions with limited infrastructure, implements autofluorescence imaging (AFI) and white light imaging (WLI) on a smartphone platform, enabling early detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions in the oral cavity with the potential to reduce morbidity, mortality, and overall healthcare costs. Using a custom Android application, this device synchronizes external light-emitting diode (LED) illumination and image capture for AFI and WLI.

Automatic classification of dual-modalilty, smartphone-based oral dysplasia and malignancy images using deep learning.

With the goal to screen high-risk populations for oral cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), we have developed a low-cost, portable, easy to use smartphone-based intraoral dual-modality imaging platform. In this paper we present an image classification approach based on autofluorescence and white light images using deep learning methods. The information from the autofluorescence and white light image pair is extracted, calculated, and fused to feed the deep learning neural networks.

Inter- and Intra-Observer Variability in Diagnosis of Oral Dysplasia.

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are lesions from which malignancy is more likely to develop that from other tissues. The potential for malignant transformation of OPMDs is estimated by determining the degree of dysplastic changes in the epithelium. Dysplasia grading has been criticized for lack of reproducibility and poor predictive value but is still considered the gold standard for diagnosing OPMDs.

Effect of 12 Weeks of Yoga Therapy on Quality of Life and Indian Diabetes Risk Score in Normotensive Indian Young Adult Prediabetics and Diabetics: Randomized Control Trial.

Introduction: India has become the epicentre for diabetes, a stress-related disorder affecting the working skills and day-to-day lifestyle management of younger population. Most of the studies have reported the effect of yoga on improving Quality of Life (QoL) in diabetic patients with other comorbidities. Till date, no randomized control trial reports are available to show the effect of yoga therapy on QoL and Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) in normotensive prediabetic and diabetic young individuals.

Association of Sympathovagal Imbalance With Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes in Adults.

Objective: Sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) has been reported to be associated with metabolic derangements in type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association of SVI with cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Patients with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (n=43) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n=43) were recruited for the study.

Determination of vertical dimension of occlusion using lateral profile photographs: A pilot study.

Purpose: To hypothesize a new theory based on soft tissue reference points on lateral profile photographs (LPPs) for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO), as there is need to explore for simple strategies.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-three participants in the age range of 20-27 years who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. LPPs were taken for all participants using standard protocol and duplicate copies obtained, on which five soft tissue reference points, nasion (Stn), subnasale (Stsn), porion (Stp), gnathion (Stgn), and gonion (Stg) (Stg prenoted on the face) were marked and joined to form angles; distance between Stsn and Stgn was considered as VDO in LPP (VDO-LP).

Smokeless Tobacco-associated Lesions: A Mobile Health Approach.

Aim: Globally, India accounts for the highest number of oral cancer cases. The survival rates are about 30% lower than those in developing countries. The main reason for these dismal figures is the late presentation of patients.

Attenuated baroreflex sensitivity in normotensive prediabetes and diabetes in Indian adults.

Purpose/aim Of The Study: Though attenuated baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is known to promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in diabetics, its status in prediabetes has not been reported. Also, the link of BRS to CVD risk in normotensive diabetics has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the association of BRS to CVD risk in normotensive prediabetics and diabetics.

Association of leukocyte telomere length with oxidative stress in yoga practitioners.

Objective: Yoga is a mind-body modulation technique that has been shown to have beneficial effects on various diseases related to various systems in the body. However, the molecular basis of mechanism of action is not clear. Hence, this study was designed to study the leukocyte telomere biology and its relation with homocysteine and oxidative stress in yoga practitioners.

Oral adverse effects of gastrointestinal drugs and considerations for dental management in patients with gastrointestinal disorders.

Gastrointestinal disease is associated with alterations in the mouth or influence the course of the dental diseases, and the dental health care workers are expected to recognize, diagnose, and treat oral conditions associated with gastrointestinal diseases and also provide safe and appropriate dental care for afflicted individuals. Drugs used in the management of these diseases result in oral adverse effects and also are known to interact with those prescribed during dental care. Hence, this article has reviewed the drug considerations and guidelines for drug use during dental management of patients with gastrointestinal diseases.