"Why do we have to make you comfortable to deal with this?" Lessons learned from a racial justice program with child welfare managers.

Background: Systemic racism has significantly impacted child welfare service (CWS) agencies' ability to provide equitable services to families. Little research exists regarding CWS interventions to combat these issues. Mining For Gold (MFG) is a consulting company that partners with organizations to provide space for racial justice learning.

Promoting Workplace Health, Safety, and Well-Being Among Essential Agricultural Workers Through Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases Training in the Rio Grande Valley.

Introduction: Health, safety, and well-being training programs provide essential education on anticipating, identifying, and mitigating exposures like infectious diseases. Gaps in infectious diseases awareness and education became especially apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequently were exacerbated by mis- and disinformation.

Methods: Vaccine-preventable infectious diseases training (influenza, hepatitis A and B, and tetanus infections, including COVID-19) was developed, delivered, and evaluated among 1,043 farmworkers, bodega workers, and production management in the Rio Grande Valley using mobile-learning technologies.

County-level analysis on occupation and ecological determinants of child abuse and neglect rates employing elastic net regression.

Background: Occupation is a known determinant of worker physical and behavioral health risk, yet most previous studies have focused on unemployment, underemployment, and job satisfaction to understand child maltreatment risk.

Objective: This county-level study (n = 278) investigated the association between occupation and child maltreatment rates and community well-being in California, Colorado, Minnesota, Oregon, and New Mexico.

Participants And Setting: States were selected due to having comparable, publicly available county-level data on substantiated child abuse and neglect rates within a five-year span between 2015 and 2020.

"We All Have a Job to Do in This World, It's up to Us": Farmworker and Farmer Mental Health in a Rural US-Mexico Border Region.

Improving mental health outcomes for agricultural populations is dependent on understanding the unique farming related stressors in context of the local culture and community. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of stressors and mental health risks among farmers and farmworkers in a rural, medically underserved US-Mexico border region. Of 135 study respondents, 55.

"": Agricultural worker experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic in a rural US-Mexico border region.

California agricultural workers are predominately Latino/a, are medically underserved, and reside in larger households, placing them at elevated COVID-19 risk at work and at home. While some research has examined COVID-19 among agricultural workers in the interior of the United States, little research exists on experiences of COVID-19 along the US-Mexico border. Grounded in resilience thinking, this study aims to understand how agricultural workers navigated their heightened risk to COVID-19 at work and at home, and made use of available resources in the context of a bi-national community.

Work-Life Stress during the Coronavirus Pandemic among Latina Farmworkers in a Rural California Region.

Objectives: To examine the type and severity of stressors experienced among Latina farmworkers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A survey containing the Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory was administered to 77 female-identifying Latina farmworkers working in a US-Mexico border region. A sub-sample of five participants participated in key-informant interviews.

Occupational Stressors and Access to COVID-19 Resources among Commuting and Residential Hispanic/Latino Farmworkers in a US-Mexico Border Region.

Hispanic/Latino and migrant workers experience high degrees of occupational stress, constitute most of California's agricultural workforce, and were among the most impacted populations by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, relatively little is known about the occupational stress experienced by farmworkers who commute daily between the US and Mexico. Occupational stress is considered an imbalance between the demands at work and the capabilities to respond in the context of the workforce.

Assessing Farm Stress and Community Supports in a U.S.-Mexico Border County.

Imperial County, California, is a high-need, medically underserved area that has some of the worst overall health outcomes of all California counties. Given this and the high depression and anxiety rates in agricultural occupations, Imperial County farmers and ranchers may be at an increased risk of stress and poor mental health outcomes. An exploratory mixed methods assessment was used to collect information from 24 farmers and ranchers in Imperial County.

Assessing Connections in an Agricultural Community Using Social Network Analysis.

Agricultural workers experience higher rates of injury and illness than other occupational groups. NIOSH-supported agricultural centers in the U.S.

Pheromone exposure influences preoptic arginine vasotocin gene expression and inhibits social approach behavior in response to rivals but not potential mates.

The nonapeptides arginine vasotocin (AVT) and vasopressin mediate a variety of social behaviors in vertebrates. However, the effects of these peptides on behavior can vary considerably both between and within species. AVT, in particular, stimulates aggressive and courtship responses typical of dominant males in several species, although it can also inhibit social interactions in some cases.

Aerosol exposure to Rift Valley fever virus causes earlier and more severe neuropathology in the murine model, which has important implications for therapeutic development.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important mosquito-borne veterinary and human pathogen that can cause severe disease including acute-onset hepatitis, delayed-onset encephalitis, retinitis and blindness, or a hemorrhagic syndrome. Currently, no licensed vaccine or therapeutics exist to treat this potentially deadly disease. Detailed studies describing the pathogenesis of RVFV following aerosol exposure have not been completed and candidate therapeutics have not been evaluated following an aerosol exposure.

Standardization of the filovirus plaque assay for use in preclinical studies.

The filovirus plaque assay serves as the assay of choice to measure infectious virus in a cell culture, blood, or homogenized tissue sample. It has been in use for more than 30 years and is the generally accepted assay used to titrate virus in samples from animals treated with a potential antiviral therapeutic or vaccine. As these animal studies are required for the development of vaccines and therapeutics under the FDA Animal Rule, it is essential to have a standardized assay to compare their efficacies against the various filoviruses.

Development of a novel nonhuman primate model for Rift Valley fever.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus (RVFV) can cause severe human disease characterized by either acute-onset hepatitis, delayed-onset encephalitis, retinitis and blindness, or a hemorrhagic syndrome. The existing nonhuman primate (NHP) model for RVF utilizes an intravenous (i.v.

Differential effects of acute and chronic social defeat stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and hippocampal serotonin release in mice.

Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis and disturbances in serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder. Repeated social defeat of male NMRI mice has been shown to induce increases in core body temperature and corticosterone, indicative of a state of chronic stress in subordinate animals. The present study further characterised the HPA axis response to social defeat stress, and also examined hippocampal extracellular 5-HT release during the stress.

Antidepressant effects of citalopram and CRF receptor antagonist CP-154,526 in a rat model of depression.

Due to the interest in the antidepressant potential of nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)(1) receptor antagonists, the present investigation examined the antidepressant-like effects of the CRF(1) receptor antagonist CP-154,526 on the exaggerated swim test immobility in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat, a genetic animal model of depression. Chronic treatment with CP-154,526 (10 mg/kg; 2x day) for 14 days increased swimming in the Flinders Sensitive Line rats. Citalopram (5 and 10 mg/kg; 2x day) and desipramine (5 mg/kg; 1x day) also significantly increased swimming in the Flinders Sensitive Line rats, as expected.

Alterations in core body temperature, locomotor activity, and corticosterone following acute and repeated social defeat of male NMRI mice.

Repeated social defeat of male NMRI mice, coupled with the stress of continuously living opposite a dominant animal, induces a citalopram-reversible increase in anxiety. The experiments reported in the present paper were performed in an attempt to further validate this paradigm by studying the effects of acute and repeated social defeat on corticosterone and the circadian rhythms of core body temperature and locomotor activity, measured by telemetry. Acute social defeat induced a large (controls: 37.

Behavioural consequences of repeated social defeat in the mouse: preliminary evaluation of a potential animal model of depression.

The behavioural consequences of repeated social defeat, coupled with the stress of continuously living opposite a dominant animal, were assessed in male NMRI mice. The method adopted here differed from the previously published techniques in that the physical element of the social defeat procedure was reduced to a minimum. The subordinate animals consistently weighed less than control animals, and displayed a reduced number of visits to the partition compared to the dominant animals, which has previously been used as a marker of social behaviour.

Mary B. Walker, M.D. and the pioneering use of prostigmin to treat myasthenia gravis.

In an era when women were not admitted to the University of Edinburgh and when England's first female physician (Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, 1836-1917) had to venture to Paris, France, to earn her M.D. in 1870, the career of Mary Broadfoot Walker (Figure 1) (1988-1974) stands out for truly remarkable achievement.