Association between total, regional and organ fat and type 2 diabetes risk factors among Latino youth: A longitudinal study.

Introduction: To examine whether within-person changes in total, regional and organ fat were associated with within-person changes in type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related biomarkers following interventions.

Methods: A secondary analysis from a randomised trial among Latino youth (30 males, 25 females) aged 12-16 years with obesity. The study sample combined participants randomised to either lifestyle intervention (N = 39) or usual care (N = 16).

Relationships of Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes With Cognition in Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites.

Problem, Research Strategy, and Findings: Low physical activity (PA) and Type 2 diabetes are associated with cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease, but the evidence is inconsistent and particularly limited by ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of PA and Type 2 diabetes with cognition in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Whites. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities (n = 1,982-2,000 after removing outliers).

Relations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognition in Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment From the Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Training (ACT) Trial: Sex Differences.

Objective: To examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with executive function, episodic memory, and global cognition and sex differences in these associations in community-dwelling older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Design: A cross-sectional study using baseline data from the aerobic exercise and cognitive training (ACT) trial.

Setting: The ACT trial conducted exercise testing in an exercise laboratory and data collections in a research facility.

Feasibility of the Remembering Warmth and Safeness Intervention in older ADRD caregivers.

Background: The number of older adults in the U.S. living with ADRD is projected to increase dramatically by 2060.

Gastrointestinal and Neuropsychological Symptoms Are Associated With Distinct Vomiting Profiles in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.

Objectives: To identify subgroups of patients with distinct chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CIV) profiles; determine how these subgroups differ on several demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics; and evaluate factors associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea and CIV profiles.

Sample & Setting: Adult patients (N = 1,338) receiving cancer chemotherapy.

Methods & Variables: Data were collected on demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics.

Perceived Balance, Balance Performance, and Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study.

To examine the extent to which older adults' perceived balance, a balance performance test, and fear of falling (FOF) were associated with falls in the last month. The Health Belief Model served as the theoretical framework. A retrospective, cross-sectional, secondary analysis using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study was conducted ( = 7499).

The Effects of Exergame Telerehabilitation in Persons With Subjective Cognitive Decline.

Background And Objectives: The primary aim of this Stage IB randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to test the preliminary effects of a dual-task exergaming telerehabilitation intervention on cognition and aerobic fitness, compared to aerobic exercise (AEx) only and attention control (stretching) in older adults with subjective cognitive decline.

Research Design And Methods: This RCT randomized 39 participants on a 2:1:1 allocation ratio to supervised exergame (n = 20), AEx (n = 11), and stretching (n = 8) for 12 weeks. The dual-task exergaming was concurrent moderate-intensity cycling and BrainFitRx cognitive telerehabilitation.

A test of pre-exposure spacing and multiple context pre-exposure on the mechanisms of latent inhibition of dental fear: A study protocol.

Background: Latent inhibition occurs when exposure to a stimulus prior its direct associative conditioning impairs learning. Results from naturalistic studies suggest that latent inhibition disrupts the learning of dental fear from aversive associative conditioning and thereby reduces the development of dental phobia. Although theory suggests latent inhibition occurs because pre-exposure changes the expected relevance and attention directed to the pre-exposed stimulus, evidence supporting these mechanisms in humans is limited.

Perceived balance and self-reported falls: A retrospective cross-sectional study using the National Health and Aging Trend Study.

Aims: To examine how perceived balance problems are associated with self-reported falls in the past month after controlling for known correlates of falls among older adults.

Background: Approximately 30% of adults age 65 and older fall each year. Most accidental falls are preventable, and older adults' engagement in fall prevention is imperative.

A study protocol testing pre-exposure dose and compound pre-exposure on the mechanisms of latent inhibition of dental fear.

Background: Dental stimuli can evoke fear after being paired - or conditioned - with aversive outcomes (e.g., pain).

Higher Levels of Stress and Neuropsychological Symptoms Are Associated With a High Nausea Profile in Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy.

Objectives: To evaluate differences in the severity of global, cancer-specific, and cumulative life stress, resilience, and common neuropsychological symptoms among four subgroups of patients with distinct chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN) profiles.

Sample & Setting: Adult patients with cancer (N = 1,343) receiving chemotherapy.

Methods & Variables: Patients completed stress, resilience, and neuropsychological symptom severity measures.

The Relationships Between Social Media and Human Papillomavirus Awareness and Knowledge: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. HPV can infect both females and males, and it can cause many cancers, including anal, cervical, vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers. HPV vaccination rates are lower than vaccination rates within other national vaccination programs, despite its importance.

Affective Experience and Regulation via Sleep, Touch, and "Sleep-Touch" Among Couples.

Touch associated with sleep (; reported physical contact during or shortly before/after sleep) is underexplored as a distinct contributor to affect regulatory processes associated with adult sleep. Given the affect-regulating effects of interpersonal touch, we theorized that among healthy co-sleeping adults, sleep-touch would add to sleep-related effects on affective "resetting," resulting in the experience of calmer, more regulated states. We studied 210 married heterosexual couples (aged 20-67 years, 79% non-Hispanic white, 13% Latinx) assigned 14 days of twice-daily (morning/evening) sleep/mood diaries.

Distinct Nausea Profiles Are Associated With Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Oncology Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.

Background: Unrelieved chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN) occurs 48% of patients undergoing chemotherapy and is one of the most debilitating symptoms that patients report.

Objective: The aims of this study were to identify subgroups of patients with distinct CIN profiles and determine how these subgroups differed on demographic and clinical characteristics; severity, frequency, and distress of CIN; and the co-occurrence of common gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods: Patients (n = 1343) completed demographic questionnaire and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale 6 times over 2 cycles of chemotherapy.

The Impact of Stereotype Threat on Memory and Cognition in Older Adults.

Cultural stereotypes that equate aging with decreased competence and increased forgetfulness have persisted for decades. Stereotype threat (ST) refers to the psychological discomfort people experience when confronted by a negative, self-relevant stereotype in a situation where their behavior could be construed as confirming that belief. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of ST on memory performance in older adults over 24 months.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on change in sleep patterns in an exploratory, cross-sectional online sample of 79 countries.

Objectives: To describe changes in sleep patterns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, develop profiles according to these patterns, and assess sociodemographic, economic, COVID-19 related, and sleep and mental health factors associated with these profiles.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A 25-minute online survey was distributed worldwide through social media from 5/21/2020 to 7/1/2020.

Measurements: Participants reported sociodemographic/economic information, the impact of the pandemic on major life domains, insomnia and depressive symptoms, and changes in sleep midpoint, time-in-bed, total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and nightmare and nap frequency from prior to during the pandemic.

Senior WISE intervention: Gender differences in bodily pain and trait anxiety.

Purpose: In this secondary analysis we tested whether 12 h of Senior WISE (Wisdom Is Simply Exploration) memory or health training with older adults would produce better outcomes by gender in perceptions of anxiety and bodily pain and whether the effects of the Senior WISE training on pain were mediated by anxiety.

Design: An implemented Phase III randomized clinical trial with follow up for 24 months in Central Texas. The sample was mostly female (79%), 71% Caucasian, 17% Hispanic, and 12% African American with an average age of 75 and 13 years of education.