Association of structured continuum emission with dynamic aurora.

Patterns of ionospheric luminosity provide a unique window into our complex, coupled space environment. The aurora, for example, indicates plasma processes occurring thousands of km away, depositing immense amounts of energy into our polar ionospheres. Here we show observations of structured continuum emission associated with the dynamic aurora.

T cells regulate intestinal motility and shape enteric neuronal responses to intestinal microbiota.

How the gut microbiota and immune system maintain intestinal homeostasis in concert with the enteric nervous system (ENS) remains incompletely understood. To address this gap, we assessed small intestinal transit, enteric neuronal density, enteric neurogenesis, intestinal microbiota, immune cell populations and cytokines in wildtype and T-cell deficient germ-free mice colonized with specific pathogen-free (SPF) microbiota, conventionally raised SPF and segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-monocolonized mice. SPF microbiota increased small intestinal transit in a T cell-dependent manner.

Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of an Entrepreneurship, Biomedical Innovation, and Design Pathway in a School of Medicine Curriculum.

Background: New educational curricula are emerging to train physicians to practice healthcare in the 21 century. The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School T.H.

Blurred Ideas: How Perpetrator Behavior, Target Response, and Observer Gender Can Influence Perceptions of Workplace Sexual Harassment.

Despite increasing awareness, sexual harassment remains a significant concern in the workplace. The enduring problem of sexual harassment seems to persist due to a lack of clarity regarding what behaviors qualify as harassment. Furthermore, the interpretation of these behaviors is influenced by contextual and relational factors, contributing to the complexity of addressing and preventing such incidents.

JAK Inhibitors in Cytokine Storm Syndromes.

Cytokine storm syndromes (CSSs) comprise a group of severe and often fatal hyperinflammatory conditions driven by the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activated cells of the immune system. Many of the CSS-associated cytokines mediate their downstream effects by signaling through the Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). In addition, several of these cytokines are produced downstream of JAK/STAT pathway activation.

Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID related face covering behaviours: A systematic review.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in illness, deaths and societal disruption on a global scale. Societies have implemented various control measures to reduce transmission of the virus and mitigate its impact. Individual behavioural changes are crucial to the successful implementation of these measures.

Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID-related handwashing behaviours: A systematic review.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in illness, deaths and societal disruption on a global scale. Societies have implemented various control measures to reduce transmission of the virus and mitigate its impact. Individual behavioural changes are crucial to the successful implementation of these measures.

MORC2 phosphorylation fine tunes its DNA compaction activity.

Variants in the poorly characterised oncoprotein, MORC2, a chromatin remodelling ATPase, lead to defects in epigenetic regulation and DNA damage response. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of MORC2, frequently phosphorylated in DNA damage, promotes cancer progression, but its role in chromatin remodelling remains unclear. Here, we report a molecular characterisation of full-length, phosphorylated MORC2, demonstrating its preference for binding open chromatin and functioning as a DNA sliding clamp.

The Dreaded 3-Minute Wait: Does It Really Prevent Operating Room Fires? The IGNITE Trial.

Introduction: Operating room fires can have devastating consequences and as such must be prevented. There exists a paucity of literature requiring further elucidation regarding manufacturer recommendations of a predefined waiting period prior to patient draping after using alcohol-based surgical antiseptics, in order to reduce the risk of operating room fires.

Methods: This was further investigated by exposing two common alcohol-based surgical antiseptics to electrosurgery and open flames at various power settings and time intervals in an ex vivo porcine model.

Suv39h-catalyzed H3K9me3 is critical for euchromatic genome organization and the maintenance of gene transcription.

H3K9me3-dependent heterochromatin is critical for the silencing of repeat-rich pericentromeric regions and also has key roles in repressing lineage-inappropriate protein-coding genes in differentiation and development. Here, we investigate the molecular consequences of heterochromatin loss in cells deficient in both SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 (Suv39DKO), the major mammalian histone methyltransferase enzymes that catalyze heterochromatic H3K9me3 deposition. We reveal a paradoxical repression of protein-coding genes in Suv39DKO cells, with these differentially expressed genes principally in euchromatic (Tn5-accessible, H3K4me3- and H3K27ac-marked) rather than heterochromatic (H3K9me3-marked) or polycomb (H3K27me3-marked) regions.

Video-based interventions promoting social behavioural skills for autistic children and young people: An evidence and gap map.

Background: Video-based interventions (VBIs) are an approach that can be used to promote social behavioural skills for autistic children and young people. Despite an abundance of literature in this area, previous evidence syntheses are limited by their exclusive search strategies and eligibility criteria. Therefore, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence syntheses to provide insight on whether these interventions work, for whom, and in what circumstances.

Primary hepatic Castleman disease.

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare, benign lymphoproliferative disorder with characteristic histopathological features, but variable aetiology, presentation, treatment and prognosis. It is broadly classified based on its location and histopathological features, with unicentric hyaline vascular disease presenting most commonly. We present a case of primary, unicentric hepatic CD that was incidentally found on imaging and managed with laparoscopic resection.

Guide for Combining Primary Tumors for Statistical Analysis in Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies.

The Tumor Combination Guide was created at the request of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by a Working Group of biopharmaceutical experts from international societies of toxicologic pathology, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and members of the Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data (SEND) initiative, to assist pharmacology/toxicology reviewers and biostatisticians in statistical analysis of nonclinical tumor data.

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: Challenges, Novel Techniques, and Future Perspectives.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been in practice for decades, proving its utility in many applications, ranging from acutely infected wounds to complex combat wounds and skin grafting. It has been routinely demonstrated that NPWT has superior wound healing outcomes compared with previous standard-of-care therapies. However, the technique involves some challenges related to each of the components that comprise the therapy.

Evaluating the clinical validity of genes related to hemostasis and thrombosis using the Clinical Genome Resource gene curation framework.

Background: Inherited bleeding, thrombotic, and platelet disorders (BTPDs) are a heterogeneous set of diseases, many of which are very rare globally. Over the past 5 decades, the genetic basis of some of these disorders has been identified, and recently, high-throughput sequencing has become the primary means of identifying disease-causing genetic variants.

Objectives: Knowledge of the clinical validity of a gene-disease relationship is essential to provide an accurate diagnosis based on results of diagnostic gene panel tests and inform the construction of such panels.

Development and validation of a novel score to predict brain death after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background And Objectives: Brain death (BD) occurs in 9-24% of successfully resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). To predict BD after OHCA, we developed a novel brain death risk (BDR) score.

Methods: We identified independent predictors of BD after OHCA in a retrospective, single academic center cohort between 2011 and 2021.

Full-thickness skin columns: A method to reduce healing time and donor site morbidity in deep partial-thickness burns.

The current standard of care for the coverage of large wounds often involves split thickness skin grafts (STSGs) which have numerous limitations. One promising technique that has gained traction is fractional autologous skin grafting using full-thickness skin columns (FTSC). Harvesting occurs orthogonally by taking numerous individual skin columns containing the epidermis down through the dermis and transferring them to the wound bed.

Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health Related Behaviours (COHeRe): An evidence and gap map.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in illness, deaths and societal disruption on a global scale. Societies have implemented various control measures to reduce transmission of the virus and mitigate its impact. Individual behavioural changes are crucial to the successful implementation of these measures.

Surgeon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction volume and rates of concomitant meniscus repair.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of surgeon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) volume on rates of ACLR with concomitant meniscus repair versus meniscectomy and subsequent meniscus surgeries.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted from a database of all ACLR performed between 2015 and 2020 at a large integrated health care system. Surgeon volume was categorized as < 35 ACLR per year (low-volume), and ≥ 35 ACLR per year (high-volume).

Cellular and transcriptional impacts of Janus kinase and/or IFN-gamma inhibition in a mouse model of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Background: Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) is an inherited inflammatory syndrome driven by the exuberant activation of interferon-gamma (IFNg)-producing CD8 T cells. Towards this end, ruxolitinib treatment or IFNg neutralization (aIFNg) lessens immunopathology in a model of pHLH in which perforin-deficient mice (-/-) are infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). However, neither agent completely eradicates inflammation.