Large Language Models for Mental Health Applications: Systematic Review.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are advanced artificial neural networks trained on extensive datasets to accurately understand and generate natural language. While they have received much attention and demonstrated potential in digital health, their application in mental health, particularly in clinical settings, has generated considerable debate.

Objective: This systematic review aims to critically assess the use of LLMs in mental health, specifically focusing on their applicability and efficacy in early screening, digital interventions, and clinical settings.

Risk factors for prolonged length of hospital stay following elective hip replacement surgery: a retrospective longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: Our aim was to identify which patients are likely to stay in hospital longer following total hip replacement surgery.

Design: Longitudinal, observational study used routinely collected data.

Setting: Data were collected from an NHS Trust in South-West England between 2016 and 2019.

Development and application of simulation modelling for orthopaedic elective resource planning in England.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a simulation model to support orthopaedic elective capacity planning.

Methods: An open-source, generalisable discrete-event simulation was developed, including a web-based application. The model used anonymised patient records between 2016 and 2019 of elective orthopaedic procedures from a National Health Service (NHS) Trust in England.

The impact of restricted provision of publicly funded elective hip and knee joints replacement during the COVID-19 pandemic in England.

Aims: Elective hip and knee replacement operations were suspended in April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of this suspension and continued disruption to the delivery of joint replacement surgery is still emerging. We describe the impact of the pandemic on the provision of publicly funded elective hip and knee replacement surgery at one teaching hospital in England and on which patients had surgery.

Impact of pausing elective hip and knee replacement surgery during winter 2017 on subsequent service provision at a major NHS Trust: a descriptive observational study using interrupted time series.

Objectives: To explore the impact of a temporary cancellation of elective surgery in winter 2017 on trends in primary hip and knee replacement at a major National Health Service (NHS) Trust, and whether lessons can be learnt about efficient surgery provision.

Design And Setting: Observational descriptive study using interrupted time series analysis of hospital records to explore trends in primary hip and knee replacement surgery at a major NHS Trust, as well as patient characteristics, 2016-2019.

Intervention: A temporary cancellation of elective services for 2 months in winter 2017.

Identification of risk factors associated with prolonged hospital stay following primary knee replacement surgery: a retrospective, longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: To identify risk factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay and staying in hospital longer than medically necessary following primary knee replacement surgery.

Design: Retrospective, longitudinal observational study.

Setting: Elective knee replacement surgeries between 2016 and 2019 were identified using routinely collected data from an NHS Trust in England.

Clinical deployment environments: Five pillars of translational machine learning for health.

Machine Learning for Health (ML4H) has demonstrated efficacy in computer imaging and other self-contained digital workflows, but has failed to substantially impact routine clinical care. This is no longer because of poor adoption of Electronic Health Records Systems (EHRS), but because ML4H needs an infrastructure for development, deployment and evaluation within the healthcare institution. In this paper, we propose a design pattern called a Clinical Deployment Environment (CDE).

Can we accurately forecast non-elective bed occupancy and admissions in the NHS? A time-series MSARIMA analysis of longitudinal data from an NHS Trust.

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to develop more accurate and precise short-term forecasting models for admissions and bed occupancy for an NHS Trust located in Bristol, England. Subforecasts for the medical and surgical specialties, and for different lengths of stay were realised DESIGN: Autoregressive integrated moving average models were specified on a training dataset of daily count data, then tested on a 6-week forecast horizon. Explanatory variables were included in the models: day of the week, holiday days, lagged temperature and precipitation.

Genomics of Environmental : Engaging Students in the Microbiology and Bioinformatics of Foodborne Pathogens.

We have developed and implemented an undergraduate microbiology course in which students isolate, characterize, and perform whole genome assembly and analysis of from stream sediments and poultry litter. In the development of the course and over three semesters, successive teams of undergraduate students collected field samples and performed enrichment and isolation techniques specific for the detection of . Eighty-eight strains were confirmed using standard microbiological methods and PCR of the gene.

Early and late mortality in hospitalised patients with raised cardiac troponin T.

Aims: Cardiac troponins are measured in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and other conditions. The authors investigate the prognostic significance of cardiac troponin T (TnT) test and comorbid medical conditions.

Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to the Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, between 2 January 2004 and 29 February 2004 who had TnT measurement were included.

Differential expression of particulate methane monooxygenase genes in the verrucomicrobial methanotroph 'Methylacidiphilum kamchatkense' Kam1.

Methane monooxygenases (MMOs) are oxygen-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of methane to methanol in the methanotrophic bacteria. The thermoacidophilic verrucomicrobial methanotroph 'Methylacidiphilum kamchatkense' Kam1 contains three complete and phylogenetically distinct copies of the pmoCAB gene cluster apparently organized as operons, each encoding all three subunits of particulate MMO (pMMO), and a truncated pmoCA cluster encoding only two of the subunits. Two of the clusters are present as a tandem array, but the other clusters occur in isolation.

Cyclic AMP induces IPC leukemia cell apoptosis via CRE-and CDK-dependent Bim transcription.

The IPC-81 cell line is derived from the transplantable BNML model of acute myelogenic leukemia (AML), known to be a reliable predictor of the clinical efficiency of antileukemic agents, like the first-line AML anthracycline drug daunorubicin (DNR). We show here that cAMP acted synergistically with DNR to induce IPC cell death. The DNR-induced death differed from that induced by cAMP by (1) not involving Bim induction, (2) being abrogated by GSK3β inhibitors, (3) by being promoted by the HSP90/p23 antagonist geldanamycin and truncated p23 and (4) by being insensitive to the CRE binding protein (CREB) antagonist ICER and to cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) inhibitors.

Does isoform diversity explain functional differences in the 14-3-3 protein family?

The 14-3-3 family of proteins was originally identified in 1967 as simply an abundant brain protein. However it took almost 25 years before the ubiquitous role of 14-3-3 in cell biology was recognized when it was found to interact with several signalling and proto-oncogene proteins. Subsequently 14-3-3 proteins were the first protein recognized to bind a discrete phosphoserine/threonine-binding motifs.

Polyvalent HIV-1 Env vaccine formulations delivered by the DNA priming plus protein boosting approach are effective in generating neutralizing antibodies against primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from subtypes A, B, C, D and E.

A major challenge in developing an HIV-1 vaccine is to identify immunogens and their delivery methods that can elicit broad neutralizing antibodies against primary isolates of different genetic subtypes. Recently, we demonstrated that priming with DNA vaccines expressing primary HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) followed by recombinant Env protein boosting was successful in generating positive neutralizing antibody responses against a clade B primary HIV-1 isolate, JR-FL, that was not easily neutralized. In the current study, we examined whether the DNA priming plus recombinant protein boosting approach delivering a polyvalent primary Env formulation was able to generate neutralizing antibodies against primary HIV-1 viral isolates from various genetic subtypes.

Immunization of rhesus macaques with a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine elicits protective antibody response against simian human immunodeficiency virus of R5 phenotype.

The immunogenicity of a poylvalent HIV-1 vaccine comprised of Env antigens from primary R5 isolates was evaluated in rhesus macaques. DNA vaccines encoding four Env antigens from multiple HIV-1 subtypes and HIV-1 Gag antigen from a single subtype elicited a persistent level of binding antibodies to gp120 from multiple HIV-1 isolates that were markedly enhanced following boosting with homologous gp120 proteins in QS-21 adjuvant irrespective of the route of DNA immunization. These sera neutralized homologous and, to a lesser degree, heterologous HIV-1 isolates.

Preclinical evaluation of cellular immune responses elicited by a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost HIV-1 vaccine.

While DNA vaccines have been shown to prime cellular immune responses, levels are often low in nonhuman primates or humans. Hence, efforts have been directed toward boosting responses by combining DNA with different vaccination modalities. To this end, a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost vaccine, consisting of codon optimized HIV-1 env (A, B, C, E) and gag (C) and homologous gp120 proteins in QS-21, was evaluated in rhesus macaques and BALB/c mice.

Definitive toxicology and biodistribution study of a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine in rabbits.

A toxicity and immunogenicity study, evaluating the safety of a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost HIV-1 vaccine (DP6-001), was examined in rabbits. Animals were primed with a cocktail of six different DNA plasmids expressing five HIV-1 env genes and one gag gene followed by boosting with five gp120 proteins homologous to the DNA vaccines. The vaccine was shown to be immunogenic as evident from the induction of high-titered anti-Env and anti-Gag antibodies.

Polyvalent DNA prime and envelope protein boost HIV-1 vaccine elicits humoral and cellular responses and controls plasma viremia in rhesus macaques following rectal challenge with an R5 SHIV isolate.

Immunization of macaques with multivalent DNA encoding gp120 genes from HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C and E and a gag gene followed by boosting with homologous gp120 proteins elicited strong anti-gp120 antibodies capable of neutralizing homologous and to a lesser degree heterologous HIV-1 isolates. Both Env- and Gag-specific cell mediated immune (CMI) responses were detected in the immunized animals. Following rectal challenge with an SHIV isolate encoding HIV-1(Ba-L)env, plasma viremia in the infected immunized animals was significantly lower than that observed in the naïve animals.

PAP-1, the mutated gene underlying the RP9 form of dominant retinitis pigmentosa, is a splicing factor.

PAP-1 is an in vitro phosphorylation target of the Pim-1 oncogene. Although PAP-1 binds to Pim-1, it is not a substrate for phosphorylation by Pim-1 in vivo. PAP-1 has recently been implicated as the defective gene in RP9, one type of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP).

Identification of a locus (LCA9) for Leber's congenital amaurosis on chromosome 1p36.

Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most common cause of inherited childhood blindness and is characterised by severe retinal degeneration at or shortly after birth. We have identified a new locus, LCA9, on chromosome 1p36, at which the disease segregates in a single consanguineous Pakistani family. Following a whole genome linkage search, an autozygous region of 10 cM was identified between the markers D1S1612 and D1S228.

Post-psychiatry: paradigm shift or wishful thinking? A speculative review of future possibles for psychiatry.

Psychiatric-mental health nurses have yet to arrive at a consensus definition and agreed operational summary of their roles and responsibilities. Although the craft seems often disunited and uneasy in its traditional alliances with general nursing and psychiatry, it remains subordinate to both. This paper identifies some actual or possible developments in social values, science and technology, workplace economics and management that could impact upon the nature and practice of psychiatry, and thereby influence the possible future scope and practice of psychiatric-mental health nursing.

Identification of a locus on chromosome 2q11 at which recessive amelogenesis imperfecta and cone-rod dystrophy cosegregate.

A consanguineous Arab pedigree in which recessive amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and cone-rod dystrophy cosegregate, was screened for linkage to known retinal dystrophy and tooth abnormality loci by genotyping neighbouring microsatellite markers. This analysis resulted in linkage with a maximum lod score of 7.03 to the marker D2S2187 at the achromatopsia locus on chromosome 2q11, and haplotype analysis placed the gene(s) involved in a 2 cM/5 Mb interval between markers D2S2209 and D2S373.

Mutations in a protein target of the Pim-1 kinase associated with the RP9 form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

The RP9 form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) maps to a locus on human chromosome 7p14. We now report two different disease associated mutations in a previously unidentified human gene, the mouse orthologue of which has been characterised by its interaction with the Pim-1 oncogene. In the original linked family we identified the missense mutation H137L.

Mutations in HPRP3, a third member of pre-mRNA splicing factor genes, implicated in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the commonest form of inherited retinal dystrophies is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. It is characterized by progressive degeneration of the peripheral retina leading to night blindness and loss of peripheral visual field. RP is inherited either in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked mode.