High-Risk HPV Screening Initiative in Kosovo-A Way to Optimize HPV Vaccination for Cervical Cancer.

Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. There are 14 recognized hrHPV genotypes (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68), and hrHPV genotypes 16 and 18 comprise approximately 66% of all cases worldwide. An additional 15% of cervical cancers are caused by hrHPV genotypes 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.

Ethics of DNA research on human remains: five globally applicable guidelines.

We are a group of archaeologists, anthropologists, curators and geneticists representing diverse global communities and 31 countries. All of us met in a virtual workshop dedicated to ethics in ancient DNA research held in November 2020. There was widespread agreement that globally applicable ethical guidelines are needed, but that recent recommendations grounded in discussion about research on human remains from North America are not always generalizable worldwide.

A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean.

Humans settled the Caribbean about 6,000 years ago, and ceramic use and intensified agriculture mark a shift from the Archaic to the Ceramic Age at around 2,500 years ago. Here we report genome-wide data from 174 ancient individuals from The Bahamas, Haiti and the Dominican Republic (collectively, Hispaniola), Puerto Rico, Curaçao and Venezuela, which we co-analysed with 89 previously published ancient individuals. Stone-tool-using Caribbean people, who first entered the Caribbean during the Archaic Age, derive from a deeply divergent population that is closest to Central and northern South American individuals; contrary to previous work, we find no support for ancestry contributed by a population related to North American individuals.

Outcomes of the First 300 Cases of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation at a High-Volume Australian Private Hospital.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was first performed in Australia in 2008 with a steady increase in the number of implanting centres from seven in 2008 to 42 in 2018 (24 private and 18 public hospitals). There is limited published data on outcomes from Australian centres and no published data from Australian private hospitals. We describe outcomes of the first 300 cases at Queensland's first TAVI implanting private hospital.

Faces Divulge the Origins of Caribbean Prehistoric Inhabitants.

The origins of the first peoples to colonize the Caribbean Islands have been the subject of intense debate for over 30 years. Competing hypotheses have identified five separate migrations from the mainland with a separate debate concerning the colonization of The Bahamas. Significant differences in the facial morphology of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of Hispaniola and Cuba led to the present study of Lucayan skulls from The Bahamas.

Quantitative H NMR Metabolomics Reveal Distinct Metabolic Adaptations in Human Macrophages Following Differential Activation.

Macrophages (MΦs) are phagocytic immune cells that are found in nearly all human tissues, where they modulate innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. MΦs display a spectrum of functional phenotypes as a result of microenvironmental and stress-induced stimuli. Evidence has emerged demonstrating that metabolism is not only crucial for the generation of energy and biomolecular precursors, but also contributes to the function and plasticity of MΦs.

The zooarchaeology and isotopic ecology of the Bahamian hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami): Evidence for pre-Columbian anthropogenic management.

Bahamian hutias (Geocapromys ingrahami) are the only endemic terrestrial mammal in The Bahamas and are currently classified as a vulnerable species. Drawing on zooarchaeological and new geochemical datasets, this study investigates human management of Bahamian hutias as cultural practice at indigenous Lucayan settlements in The Bahamas and the Turks & Caicos Islands. In order to determine how hutia diet and distribution together were influenced by Lucayan groups we conducted isotopic analysis on native hutia bone and tooth enamel recovered at the Major's Landing site on Crooked Island in The Bahamas and introduced hutias from the Palmetto Junction site on Providenciales in the Turks & Caicos Islands.

Short-term organ culture of the retinal pigment epithelium in microtitration plates: ultrastructural studies.

Microtitration plates were used to culture simultaneously multiple, small (6 mm diameter) explants of bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Evaluation of tissue by light microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy after various incubation periods up to 6 h showed that RPE maintained in this system retains near normal morphology. Initially, the explanted RPE lacks apical microvilli, but during the first 2-3 h in culture recovery of apical microvilli occurs.

D-[3H]-galactose incorporation in the bovine retina: specific uptake and transport of the radiolabel in cones.

When bovine neural retinas are incubated in Krebs-Henseleit buffer with D-[3H]-galactose, autoradiography reveals that there is a rapid uptake of the tritium label into the inner segments of cones, but not of rods. Pulse--chase studies show that the label is first associated with the Golgi apparatus in the cones, then appears to travel around the nucleus and along the cone fibre (homologous to an axon) to the synaptic pedicle. The cone-specific label travels along the fibre at a rate of about 0.