Development of Maximum Residual Stress Prediction Technique for Shot-Peened Specimen Using Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Data Based on Convolutional Neural Network.

Shot peening is a surface treatment process that improves the fatigue life of a material and suppresses cracks by generating residual stress on the surface. The injected small shots create a compressive residual stress layer on the material's surface. Maximum compressive residual stress occurs at a certain depth, and tensile residual stress gradually occurs as the depth increases.

Nondestructive Evaluation of Residual Stress in Shot Peened Inconel Using Ultrasonic Minimum Reflection Measurement.

Shot peening is a process wherein the surface of a material is impacted by small, spherical metal shots at high velocity to create residual stresses. Nickel-based superalloy is a material with high strength and hardness along with excellent corrosion and fatigue resistance, and it is therefore used in nuclear power plants and aerospace applications. The application of shot peening to INCONEL, a nickel-based superalloy, has been actively researched, and the measurement of residual stresses has been studied as well.

Antiaging Activity of Peptide Identified from Fermented Fruit Extract in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

We have previously shown that fruit extract (TJE) as well as its fermented extract (FTJ) can be potentially used to treat alopecia. In the current study, a newly synthesized peptide (PEP) was detected in an active compound isolated from FTJ. Several biological assays were conducted to verify the antiaging effects of TJE, FTJ, and PEP on the skin.

Chirality extension of an oxazine building block en route to total syntheses of (+)-hyacinthacine A2 and sphingofungin B.

Concise and stereocontrolled syntheses of (+)-hyacinthacine A2 and sphingofungin B were achieved via a diastereomerically enriched oxazine intermediate. The key strategies include palladium(0)-catalyzed intramolecular oxazine formation and diastereoselective nucleophilic addition to an aldehyde. (+)-Hyacinthacine A2 was synthesized in 13 steps and 10.

Asymmetric synthesis of (-)-swainsonine.

We report a new asymmetric synthetic method for (-)-swainsonine utilizing a chiral oxazoline precursor. The key features in this strategy are the diastereoselective oxazoline formation reaction catalyzed by palladium(0), diasteroselective dihydroxylation, and the stereocontrolled allylation reaction with TiCl(4).

Stereoselective synthesis of (+)-polyoxamic acid based on the synthesis of chiral oxazine.

A concise, stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-polyoxamic acid was achieved. Starting from trans-oxazoline as a chiral building block, the key step involves diastereoselective oxazine formation catalyzed by palladium(0).

Application of Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular oxazine formation to the efficient total synthesis of (-)-anisomycin.

The enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-anisomycin, a potent antibiotic agent, has been achieved. The key steps are a Pd(0)-catalyzed stereoselective intramolecular oxazine formation from d-tyrosine and pyrrolidine formation by catalytic hydrogenation of the oxazine.

Stereoselective synthesis of L-threo-sphingosine, L-threo-sphinganine, D-threo-sphingosine, and D-threo-sphinganine via oxazoline formation and olefin cross-metathesis; potent protein kinase C inhibitor analogues.

In this study, we explored a convenient and concise route for synthesis of L-threo-sphingosine, D-threo-sphingosine, L-threo-sphinganine and D-threo-sphinganine from commercially available L- or D-serine. The key steps are the simple preparation of trans-oxazoline and intermolecular olefin cross metathesis.

Diastereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrolidinone as a key intermediate for the anticancer agents by palladium(II)-catalyzed carboxylation.

Palladium(II)-catalyzed carboxylation of chiral olefins 6a-d has been examined under various conditions. In the weak basic condition (K2CO3), 7a-d were obtained in good yields. Alternatively, in the strong basic condition, pyrrolidinones 8a-d were obtained resulting in excellent yields and with high diastereoselectivity.

Involvement of ROS and JNK1 in selenite-induced apoptosis in Chang liver cells.

Selenium is a dietary essential trace nutrient with important biological roles. Selenocompounds were reported to induce apoptosis in many types of tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathway involved in the selenite-induced apoptosis using Chang liver cells as a non-malignant cell model.

Diastereoselective synthesis of anti-1,2-aminoalcohol by palladium(II) catalyzed aza-Claisen rearrangement.

In this study, a highly diastereoselective synthesis of anti-1,2-aminoalcohol was explored starting from L-amino acids as chiral sources. The higher yield and diastereoselectivity was shown when the aza-Claisen rearrangement was performed with allylic trichloroacetimidate 6a in the presence of palladium(II) catalyst.

Total synthesis of sphingofungin F.

[reaction: see text] A concise, stereocontrolled synthesis of sphingofungin F was achieved. Key features involve diastereoselective oxazoline formation catalyzed by palladium(0), MgBr(2)-promoted gamma-alkoxy allylic stannane addition, and palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling of a vinyl iodide with an organozinc reagent.

The effect of cigarette smoking on the levels of nitric oxide metabolites in the sputum of patients with acute asthma.

Cigarette smoking may reduce the production of endogenous nitric oxide (NO), which plays an important role in inflammation of the asthmatic airway. NO metabolites in sputum were measured in 11 cigarette smokers and five nonsmokers, all with acute asthma. NO metabolite levels reflected the severity of asthmatic exacerbation, as they were significantly higher in patients with "severe," or "respiratory arrest imminent" asthma than in patients with "mild" to "moderate" asthma.

Syntheses of (+/-)-homoepibatidine analogues.

Syntheses of (+/-)-homoepibatidine analogues (2), which contain the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1]octane ring system, were achieved by using palladium-catalyzed reductive-coupling reaction from 3 and the analgesic activity was tested by Mouse writhing antinociceptive assay.

Stereoselective syntheses of (+/-)-epibatidine analogues.

Stereoselective syntheses of (+/-)-epibatidine analogues 2, which contain the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1]octane ring system, were achieved by using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction from 4 and the analgesic activity was tested by Mouse writhing antinociceptive assay.