The association of lacrimal gland inflammation with alopecia areata.

Purpose: To describe the association of lacrimal gland inflammation with alopecia areata.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 4 patients diagnosed with lacrimal gland inflammation who had an antecedent or subsequent episode of alopecia. Data was collected on the presentation age, gender, medical history, disease onset, symptoms and signs, imaging, histopathology, systemic evaluation, management and outcome.

A 5-year retrospective review of Asian ectropion: how does it compare to ectropion amongst non-Asians?

Introduction: This study reviews the differences in demographics and surgical outcomes between ectropion in Asian and non-Asian eyes.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of surgically corrected ectropion cases from January 2002 to December 2006 were reviewed. Preand postoperative lid-globe apposition was graded: grade 0 with normal lid-globe apposition, grade 1 with punctal ectropion, grade 2 with partial lid eversion and scleral show, grade 3 with conjunctival hyperemia and thickening and grade 4 as for grade 3 with exposure keratitis.

Normative measurements of the Chinese extraocular musculature by high-field magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To establish the normal measurements of diameter and cross-sectional area of the Chinese extraocular muscles (EOMs) and optic nerve-sheath complex (ON) as seen on high-field (3-Tesla; 3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Coronal 3T MRI of the orbit (TR, 700 ms; TE, 15 ms; FOV, 160 mm; matrix, 256 x 256; slice thickness, 1 mm; and slice gap, 0) was performed on 80 normal Chinese volunteers. T1-weighted images were analyzed with computer-assisted segmentation.

Bilateral orbital varices: an approach to management.

The authors report a case of bilateral orbital varices in a 19-year-old man with a 7-year history of intermittent left proptosis and dystopia. CT demonstrated enhancing lesions with phleboliths and gadolinium-enhanced MRI showed characteristic hyperintense lesions. The asymptomatic right lesion was treated conservatively; the left lesion was excised following intralesional injection of cyanoacrylate.

Epibulbar osseous choristoma: a report of two cases.

Epibulbar osseous choristoma occurs rarely and is commonly mistaken for a dermoid or dermolipoma. We report two cases: an 8-year-old boy and a 79-year-old lady with epibulbar osseous choristomas where computed tomography showed an extraocular lesion in the temporal quadrant and diagnosis was confirmed by excision biopsy. The osseous component was adherent to the sclera in the young patient, while it was loosely attached to the surrounding tissue in the older patient.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with orbital involvement.

Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and orbital involvement.

Methods: A retrospective case series of 9 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting with orbital involvement from March 2003 to April 2006 at the Singapore National Eye Centre were reviewed. The clinical profile, neuroradiologic evaluation, and clinical course of these patients were reviewed.

Medial pretarsal adipose tissue in the Asian upper eyelid.

Purpose: To report the presence of a localized pad of adipose tissue in the medial anterior tarsal surface of the Asian upper eyelid.

Methods: Clinicohistologic case series. The presence and extent of a localized pad of adipose tissue in the medial pretarsal area were documented: 1) intraoperatively for 51 consecutive upper eyelid surgeries; and 2) in the histologic study of 10 cadaveric upper eyelid specimens.

Visual recovery following emergent orbital decompression in traumatic retrobulbar haemorrhage.

Introduction: Acute retrobulbar haemorrhage is a potentially sight-threatening condition, and can follow retrobulbar anaesthesia or trauma to the orbit. Acute loss of vision can occur with retrobulbar haemorrhage and is reversible if the condition is recognised and treated early.

Clinical Picture: We report a case of acute retrobulbar haemorrhage following orbital trauma in a 78-year-old Chinese lady.

Detection of thyroid peroxidase mRNA and protein in orbital tissue.

Objective: We have previously reported that the absence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in Graves' disease (GD) was associated with an increased risk of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). This observation raised the possibility that TPOAb could act as a protective factor. However, the presence of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in the orbit has not been previously reported.

Lacrimal gland amyloidosis.

Primary localized lacrimal gland amyloidosis is an extremely rare occurrence. The typical clinical and radiologic appearances have been suggested but not clearly established. This report describes two patients with amyloid tumor of the lacrimal gland.

Optic nerve toxoplasmosis and orbital inflammation as initial presentation of AIDS.

Purpose: To report a case of toxoplasmosis with optic nerve and orbital involvement as the initial presentation of HIV infection.

Method: Case report.

Results: A 46-year-old zookeeper, who had had right central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) 2 weeks previously, presented with painless lid and conjunctival swelling and profound visual loss in his right eye (RE).

Lower lid epiblepharon as the presenting feature of spontaneous dural carotid cavernous fistula in an Asian patient.

Lower lid epiblepharon is a relatively common problem among young Asian patients. Occasionally, it may be secondary to underlying orbital pathology. We report a 33-year-old Chinese patient with a dural carotid cavernous fistula who presented with an ipsilateral lower lid epiblepharon in the absence of any other significant signs.

Severe Graves' ophthalmopathy after retrobulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction in a patient with mild stable thyroid eye disease.

It has been hypothesized that the distinct anatomic localization of the Graves' triad may be partially explained by pressure and trauma. While there are reports of local trauma clearly contributing to the pathogenesis of pretibial myxedema, direct evidence for a similar mechanism in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) has been lacking. We describe a 65-year-old male patient with stable mild Graves' ophthalmopathy of 24 years' duration in whom a retrobulbar block was administered prior to cataract removal.