Inflammatory Cytokines and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Prodrome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cognitive impairments among elderly individuals.

Methods: Peripheral concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in all subjects. To assess individual cognitive function, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-NP) was used, and standardized scores (z-scores) were calculated for each test.

The association between symptoms of developmental coordination disorder and neuropsychological characteristics in children with and without ADHD.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between DCD symptoms and neuropsychological characteristics in children with and without ADHD.

Methods: We recruited 298 children aged 5-12 years.

Efficacy of Mobile-Based Cognitive Training Program DoBrain in Preschool Children With or Without Developmental Disabilities: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Active-Controlled Trial.

Objective: Mobile-based cognitive training programs can be a viable alternative to in-person interventions, but their efficacies have not been established yet. In this study, we examined the efficacy of DoBrain, a mobile-based cognitive training program designed for children with developmental disabilities (DDs), in comparison with general educational apps named Junior Naver and Kakao Kids.

Methods: Children aged 34 to 77 months were recruited and randomized at a 1:1 ratio to use DoBrain or general educational apps.

Brief Report: Risk Variants Could Inform Early Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Children with Developmental Disabilities.

The aim of this study was to examine genetic variations underlying the early neurodevelopmental outcome of developmental disabilities (DDs). The study cohort consisted of 191 children with DDs. Diagnosis was assessed at baseline and at the index age (72-84 months).

Predictors of Developmental Outcome in 4- to 6-Year-Olds With Developmental Disability.

Objective: Studies on the early trajectories of developmental disability (DD) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic stability and developmental trajectories of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), and to determine baseline clinical characteristics that affect future diagnosis.

Methods: We analyzed 192 children who were referred for possible DD through retrospective chart review.

Sleep difficulties and related behavioral problems in Korean preschool children.

Objectives: Sleep difficulties are associated with various behavioral problems and cognitive development, but the association has not been thoroughly evaluated in preschoolers with and without developmental disability (DD). The aim of this study was to compare the behavioral and cognitive characteristics of poor and good sleepers with and without DD in a community-based sample of preschool children.

Methods: We recruited 196 children aged 34-77 months from community-based daycare centers, kindergartens, and special education centers.

Clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of children with epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the clinical and neuropsychological characteristics-cognition, behavior, parenting-related stress, and sleep-of children with epilepsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or both.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 33 children with epilepsy and ADHD, 113 with epilepsy alone, and 294 with ADHD alone. The children were required to complete the Advanced Test of Attention (ATA), and their parents completed the ADHD Rating Scale (ARS), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Disruptive Behavior Disorder (DBD) Scale (DBD), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF).

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Adolescent Version of the General Behavior Inventory in Korean Youth.

Objectives: We examined the factor structure of the Adolescent version of the General Behavior Inventory (A-GBI) for Koreans.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 220 adolescents (age, 12-18 years) who completed the A-GBI through the Department of Psychiatry at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from October 2011 to December 2018. Caregivers of the study participants completed the Parent version of the GBI (P-GBI) 10-item Mania Scale.

WISC-IV Intellectual Profiles in Korean Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) profiles of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically-developing children (TC) in Korea.

Methods: The Korean version of the WISC-IV and the Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) were administered to 377 children and adolescents: 224 with ADHD (age 8.2±2.

Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy with Atomoxetine.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of atomoxetine in Korean children and adolescents with epilepsy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 105 children and adolescents with epilepsy treated with atomoxetine. Effectiveness was measured with the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) and/or Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scales at baseline, and after 4 and 12 weeks.

Clinical and Neuropsychological Factors Associated with Treatment Response and Adverse Events of Atomoxetine in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate clinical and neuropsychological factors associated with treatment response and adverse events of atomoxetine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korea.

Methods: Children with ADHD were recruited at the Department of Psychiatry of Asan Medical Center from April 2015 to April 2018. Diagnoses of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders were confirmed with the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version.

Altered white matter connectivity in patients with schizophrenia: An investigation using public neuroimaging data from SchizConnect.

Several studies have produced extensive evidence on white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ). However, optimum consistency and reproducibility have not been achieved, and reported low white matter tract integrity in patients with SZ varies between studies. A whole-brain imaging study with a large sample size is needed.

Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Compared to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the concordance of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV and DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 170 subjects (age range: 3-23, 140 boys) with developmental delay or social deficit from January 2011 to July 2016 at the Department of Psychiatry of Asan Medical Center. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), and intelligence tests were performed for each subject.

Effects of Atomoxetine on Height and Weight in Korean Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of atomoxetine on growth in Korean children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: The medical records of 82 subjects (mean age, 9.0±2.

Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Four Novel Loci for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Youths.

Objectives: The molecular mechanisms underlying attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the genetic susceptibility loci for ADHD in Korean children with ADHD. We performed a case-control and a family-based genome-wide association study (GWAS), as well as genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses, for two symptom traits.

Latent Class Analysis of ADHD Symptoms in Korean Children and Adolescents.

The objective of this study was to conduct latent class analysis (LCA) of ADHD symptoms to characterize the underlying structure of ADHD. Participants were recruited from September 2012 to January 2015 from the Department of Psychiatry of Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Diagnoses of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders were confirmed with the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL).

Medical and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Korean Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a high rate of comorbid disorders. We aimed to investigate the medical and psychiatric comorbidities of Korean children and adolescents with ADHD.

Methods: Data were obtained from Korean National Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HI-RA-NPS) for 2011.

Clinical and Neuropsychological Characteristics of ADHD According to Age-of-Onset Criterion in Korean Children and Adolescents.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical features and neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with ADHD according to the age-of-onset defined in the (5th ed.; ). We compared the following three groups: early-onset ADHD group (onset before age 7, = 86), late-onset ADHD group (onset between ages 7 and 12, = 58), and the control group ( = 88).

Child behavior checklist profiles in adolescents with bipolar and depressive disorders.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) profiles in youths with bipolar and depressive disorders.

Methods: Seventy-four subjects with a mean age of 14.9±1.

Antidepressant-emergent mood switch in Korean adolescents with mood disorder.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare clinical characteristics of children and adolescents who experienced antidepressant-emergent mood switch (AEMS) and those who did not, and to investigate the predictors of AEMS in a clinical sample of Korean children and adolescents.

Methods: Two psychiatrists retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 115 children and adolescents (age, 15.0 [2.