Extrauterine Pelvic Serous Carcinomas: Current Update on Pathology and Cross-sectional Imaging Findings.

The spectrum of extrauterine pelvic serous carcinomas includes ovarian serous carcinoma, primary peritoneal serous carcinoma, and primary fallopian tube carcinoma. Ovarian serous carcinoma, the most common ovarian malignant epithelial neoplasm, consists of two distinct entities: high-grade and low-grade serous carcinomas. Primary peritoneal serous carcinoma and primary fallopian tube carcinoma are rare malignancies that share many characteristics of high-grade serous carcinomas.

Adrenal collision tumors and their mimics: multimodality imaging findings.

Adrenal collision tumors (ACTs) refer to coexistence of two adjacent, but histologically distinct neoplasms involving the adrenal gland without histologic admixture at interface. ACTs include adenoma with myelolipoma, adenoma with metastases, hemangioma with adenoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma with myelolipoma. In addition, hemorrhage into a pre-existing adrenal mass can mimic an ACT, and it is important to differentiate these two pathologies.

MDCT of abdominopelvic oncologic emergencies.

Acute complications arising in abdominopelvic malignancies represent a unique subset of patients presenting to the emergency room. The acute presentation can be due to complications occurring in the tumor itself or visceral or vascular structures harboring the tumor. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the investigation of choice in the workup of these patients and enables appropriate and timely management.

Imaging of tuberculosis of the abdominal viscera: beyond the intestines.

There is an increasing incidence of both intra- and extra-thoracic manifestations of tuberculosis, in part due to the AIDS epidemic. Isolated tubercular involvement of the solid abdominal viscera is relatively unusual. Cross-sectional imaging with ultrasound, multidetector computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and post treatment follow-up of tuberculosis.

Non-invasive diagnosis of abdomino-pelvic masses: role of multimodality imaging.

Recent advances in radiology have greatly increased the ability to make highly accurate diagnosis. Biopsy of many commonly seen lesions is no longer performed as the radiological findings are pathognomonic. This gives rise to the concept of 'virtual biopsy', a term coined on the lines of other imaging techniques such as virtual colonoscopy.

Radiation dose management: part 1, minimizing radiation dose in CT-guided procedures.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss radiation dose during CT-guided interventions and to explain how radiologists can modify technical factors to minimize radiation doses. Scanner-displayed indexes of radiation exposure that are available during the procedure will be defined to increase awareness about CT radiation dose reduction during interventional procedures.

Conclusion: CT-guided fluoroscopic procedures are safe and effective methods of directed intervention; however, the increasing use of medical radiation is an important consideration.

Abdominal hemangiomas: a pictorial review of unusual, atypical, and rare types.

Hemangiomas are a radiologist's dream lesions because they allow a confident diagnosis most of the time. However, within the abdomen, hemangiomas may occur in such atypical locations and can have such unusual features that they cause significant diagnostic dilemma and may end up being excised surgically. The literature is replete with isolated case reports of atypical hemangiomas in the abdominal cavity, and, to our knowledge, so far, there is no comprehensive review.

Current update on primary and secondary sclerosing cholangitis.

Sclerosing cholangitis can be idiopathic (primary) or secondary to an identifiable cause. Irrespective of cause, sclerosing cholangitis usually progresses to end-stage liver disease and warrants orthotopic liver transplantation. Recent studies provide new insights into the etiopathogenesis, natural history, diagnosis, and management of these different entities.

Taxonomy and imaging spectrum of small bowel obstruction after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Objective: For most patients with morbid obesity, bariatric surgery is the only effective method to achieve sustainable weight loss. Small bowel obstruction (SBO) after bariatric surgery is a major complication that affects postoperative course and management. Knowledge of the types of and imaging findings for SBO is essential to prompt diagnosis.

Benign hepatic neoplasms: an update on cross-sectional imaging spectrum.

Benign hepatic neoplasms constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with characteristic histology and variable tumor biology. Based on the cell of origin, benign hepatic neoplasms are classified into epithelial, nonepithelial, and miscellaneous categories according to the 2000 World Health Organization classification system. Benign hepatic neoplasms demonstrate a wide spectrum of imaging findings that reflect the histomorphologic changes.

Mimics of cholangiocarcinoma: spectrum of disease.

Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary malignant hepatobiliary neoplasm, accounting for approximately 15% of liver cancers. Diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma is challenging and the prognosis is uniformly poor, with recurrence rates of 60%-90% after surgical resection. A wide spectrum of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions of the biliary tract may masquerade as cholangiocarcinoma, adding to the complexity of management in patients suspected to have cholangiocarcinoma.

Benign renal neoplasms in adults: cross-sectional imaging findings.

Objective: A broad spectrum of benign renal neoplasms in adults shows characteristic ontogeny, histology, and tumor biology. Benign renal tumors are classified into renal cell tumors, metanephric tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. Select benign tumors show characteristic anatomic distribution and imaging features.

Imaging in bariatric surgery: a guide to postsurgical anatomy and common complications.

Objective: This article reviews the various bariatric surgical techniques and the associated imaging findings of normal postoperative anatomy and of common complications.

Conclusion: Bariatric surgery is increasingly performed to control morbid obesity secondary to failed medical approaches. As a result, imaging plays an important role in postoperative evaluation and management.

Neoplasms of the perivascular epithelioid cell involving the abdomen and the pelvis: cross-sectional imaging findings.

Neoplasms of the perivascular epithelioid cell (PEComas) represent a recently described heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors characterized by the presence of specific histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings. The PEComas encompass a family of neoplasms that include angiomyolipomas, clear cell sugar tumors, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. The PEComas demonstrate a wide spectrum of clinicobiological behavior and imaging findings.

Price of isotropy in multidetector CT.

Recent advances in multidetector computed tomography (CT) have made isotropic data acquisition feasible for nearly every application. The benefits of routine use of isotropic data for image display and interpretation have been described in the literature and at educational conferences. However, there is usually a trade-off in the form of an increased radiation dose to the patient.

Informatics in radiology (infoRAD): introduction to the language of three-dimensional imaging with multidetector CT.

The recent proliferation of multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) has led to an increase in the creation and interpretation of images in planes other than the traditional axial plane. Powerful three-dimensional (3D) applications improve the utility of detailed CT data but also create confusion among radiologists, technologists, and referring clinicians when trying to describe a particular method or type of image. Designing examination protocols that optimize data quality and radiation dose to the patient requires familiarity with the concepts of beam collimation and section collimation as they apply to multi-detector row CT.

Frequency and CT patterns of bowel wall thickening proximal to cancer of the colon.

Objective: This study was performed to determine the frequency and patterns of colon wall thickening seen on CT of patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon.

Materials And Methods: Preoperative abdominal and pelvic CT scans of 185 patients with surgically proven adenocarcinoma of the colon were retrospectively evaluated by three abdominal radiologists for the presence of colon obstruction and colon wall thickening proximal to the colon adenocarcinoma. The distributions and patterns of colon wall thickening were categorized by consensus.

Radiofrequency thermal ablation of abdominal tumors: lessons learned from complications.

Radiofrequency (RF) thermal ablation has shown promise as a technique for treating inoperable solid tumors involving the liver, kidney, adrenal gland, and lung. However, like all other imaging-guided interventional procedures, RF ablation involves some element of risk. Varying degrees of complications can be expected, depending on factors such as the organ site and the aggressiveness of the procedure.

Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors adjacent to the gallbladder: feasibility and safety.

Objective: This study was performed to assess the feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors adjacent to the gallbladder.

Materials And Methods: Of the 83 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors at our institution between December 1997 and August 2000, we identified eight patients--four men and four women who were 42-85 years old (mean age, 67 years)--who had tumors adjacent to the gallbladder. All ablations were performed with curative intent.

Sonographically observed echogenic response during intraoperative radiofrequency ablation of cirrhotic livers: pathologic correlation.

Objective: We performed a study to determine the correlation between the diameter of the echogenic response observed with intraoperative sonography during radiofrequency ablation of the cirrhotic liver and the mean diameter of tissue necrosis.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 22 intraoperative radiofrequency ablations were created in 11 cirrhotic livers. The largest diameter of the sonographically observed echogenic response surrounding and perpendicular to the radiofrequency probe was measured.