Cost-utility analysis of combination medical therapies in chronic coronary syndrome: a comparative study using real-world and patient-level data from Iran.

Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of various medical therapy combinations in managing chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) in Iran, based on real-world and patient-level data.

Design: A cost-utility analysis employing a Markov model was conducted using data from a retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The study was conducted in the healthcare setting of Iran, focusing on primary and secondary care.

Trends analysis and future study of the pharmaceutical industry field: a scoping review.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to explore and understand the emerging developments, changes, and patterns shaping the future of the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry is evolving rapidly due to scientific breakthroughs, societal changes, and technological advancements. Companies can adapt, and innovate to stay competitive and advance healthcare objectives by understanding the changes and patterns shaping the future.

Improving access to medicines to reduce marketing and use of substandard and falsified medicines in Africa: Scoping review.

Background: Both constrained access to essential medicines and combatting marketing of substandard and falsified (SF) medicines are unmet health sector goals in Africa.

Objective: To answer the question of how improved access can reduce the continuous surge of SF medicines in Africa.

Design: We conducted a scoping review based on standard protocol.

Towards greater impact in health technology assessment: System dynamic approach for new and emerging technologies in Iran.

Purpose: As classical health technology assessment models fail to predict the complexities of related impacts, the application of modeling techniques such as systems dynamics simulation (SD) is essential. This study aimed to develop an SD model to predict the outcomes of access to a new medicine in Iran.

Methods: This study extracted the important and influential variables in providing access to new pharmaceutical technologies by comprehensively reviewing previous research and combining the technical knowledge of experts in this field.

Individualized Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Iran: A Multi-Center Data Analysis.

Background: Clinical guidelines and expert committees have recently suggested that the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) should be individualized based on various criteria. Data regarding the achievement of individualized glycemic targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is scant in Iran. We intended to provide information found on real-world outcomes from the perspective of an individualized recommendation.

How do patients value features of biological medicine in rheumatoid arthritis? A discrete choice experiment.

Background: The aim of this study was to quantify the preference of the patients regarding biological DMARDs.

Research Design And Methods: Patients' preferences were assessed using a discrete choice experiment. Eighteen different surveys describing eight attributes were designed using experimental design methods.

Cost-effectiveness of hypertension therapy based on 2020 International Society of Hypertension guidelines in Ethiopia from a societal perspective.

Introduction: There is inadequate information on the cost-effectiveness of hypertension based on evidence-based guidelines. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of hypertension treatment based on 2020 International Society of Hypertension (ISH) guidelines from a societal perspective.

Methods: We developed a state-transition Markov model based on the cardiovascular disease policy model adapted to the Sub-Saharan African perspective to simulate costs of treated and untreated hypertension and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted by treating previously untreated adults above 30 years from a societal perspective for a lifetime.

Long-term cost-effectiveness of quality of diabetes care; experiences from private and public diabetes centers in Iran.

Background: The quality of health care has a significant impact on both patients and the health system in terms of long-term costs and health consequences. This study focuses on determining the long-term cost-effectiveness in quality of diabetes care in two different settings (private/public) using longitudinal patient-level data in Iran.

Methods: By extracting patients intermediate biomedical markers in under-treatment type 2 diabetes patients(T2DP) in a longitudinal retrospective study and by applying the localized UKPDS diabetes model, lifetime health outcomes including life expectancy, quality-adjusted Life expectancy (QALE) and direct medical costs of managing disease and related complications from a healthcare system perspective was predicted.

Antihypertensive prescribing pattern, prescriber adherence to ISH 2020 guidelines, and implication of outpatient drug price on blood pressure control at selected hospitals in Southern Ethiopia.

Purpose: To determine the impact of drug prescribing pattern, outpatient drug price of medicines, and level of adherence to evidence-based international guidelines on blood pressure (BP) control at selected hospitals in Southern Ethiopia.

Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The data entry and analysis were done by using SPSS version 21.

Quality of care in type 2 diabetes in Iran; a cross-sectional study using patient-level data.

Background: Appropriate service delivery, access to high quality of cares and optimal management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can decrease the risk of micro and macro vascular complications and mortality. Therefore, monitoring the quality of diabetes care, including keeping glycemic levels at an optimal level, is crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate processes and outcome-related quality of care indicators, in T2DM using retrospective patient-level data from 2013 to 2017 in 15 Tertiary Diabetes Care Centers in Iran.

Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose Control and Associated Factors Among Adults with Hypertension at Three Public Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia.

Introduction: There is inadequate information on blood pressure (BP) and FBG (Blood pressure and Fasting blood glucose) control among adult hypertensive patients in Southern Ethiopia.

Aim: To determine the level and factors associated with poor BP and FBG control among adult hypertensive patients on regular follow-up at three public hospitals RESULTS: We included 406 adult hypertensives with mean age of 55.87 ± 11.

Societal economic burden of hypertension at selected hospitals in southern Ethiopia: a patient-level analysis.

Objectives: There is inadequate information on the economic burden of hypertension treatment in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the societal economic burden of hypertension at selected hospitals in Southern Ethiopia.

Methods: Prevalence-based cost of illness study from a societal perspective was conducted.

A Scoping Review of Different Methods of Assessing the Impact of New Medical Technologies at Early Stages of Development.

Investing in the R & D sector of new medical technologies is associated with the risk of being rejected by paying organizations because of the lack of value-for-money. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different methods of evaluating the impacts of emerging medical technologies. Using scoping review method, we analyzed studies that investigated methods for assessing the impacts of emerging medical technologies on development.

A comprehensive review of official discount rates in guidelines of health economic evaluations over time: the trends and roots.

Background: The question of discounting in health economics is anything but settled, so much so that a section of the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) guidelines is devoted to it.

Objective: This study aimed to review the trend of the value of the official discount rates (DRs) of costs and health outcomes and their roots worldwide.

Methods: Four methods were combined to identify official DRs over time globally.

Pharmacogenomics Implementation and Hurdles to Overcome; In the Context of a Developing Country.

Having multiple dimensions, uncertainties and several stakeholders, the costly pharmacogenomics (PGx) is associated with dynamic implementation complexities. Identification of these challenges is critical to harness its full potential, especially in developing countries with fragile healthcare systems and scarce resources. This is the first study aimed to identify most salient challenges related to PGx implementation, with respect to the experiences of early-adopters and local experts' prospects, in the context of a developing country in the Middle East.

A Systematic Review of Discrete Choice Experiment Studies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Biological Medicines.

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease with various clinical characteristics. The introduction of biological drugs has enhanced the efficacy and increased diversity of treatment options. Considering the patients' preferences in decision-making about treatment can improve their adherence.

Assessment of Influential Variables in the Pricing of Locally Manufactured Pharmaceuticals: Current Challenging Situation in Iran.

The lack of transparency and predictability seems to remain one of the major complaints in the pharmaceutical pricing procedure in Iran, but there is not enough official evidence to support it. The main objective of this study was to identify influential variables officially or unofficially influencing the pharmaceuticals pricing in Iran and also clarifying the degree of importance of each variable from the viewpoints of two groups: the pricing Commission members (owners of pricing procedure) and other stakeholders in the pharmaceutical sector. Semi-structured interviews with experts were performed to extract the influential variables.

The Role of Desorptive Capacity in the Relationship of Entrepreneurial Orientation - Open Innovation Performance: The Case of the Pharmaceutical Industry.

Open innovation is a young arena in research that is fascinating the attention of a growing number of scholars. However, there are not enough studies that investigate open innovation performance. The pharmaceutical industry with the most Research and Development (R&D) intensity has been targeted by this new paradigm.

Factors influencing engagement and utilisation of opium tincture-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder: A qualitative study in Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: In response to a high burden of opioid use disorder (OUD), Iran established a network of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) centres beginning in 2002. To increase treatment diversity, particularly for patients who use opium as their drug of choice, opium tincture (OT)-assisted treatment was introduced to the network. This study aimed to explore factors influencing OT-assisted treatment selection for OUD in Tehran, Iran.

Opium tincture-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder: A systematic review.

Background: Some countries have used opioid agonist medications other than methadone and buprenorphine as a strategy to increase treatment diversity. In Iran and other countries where opium use is common and culturally tolerated, opium tincture (OT) has gained growing popularity and been approved to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Given the increasing interest in this intervention, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OT-assisted treatment for OUD.

Reasons for poor blood pressure control in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa: looking into 4P's (primary care, professional, patient, and public health policy) for improving blood pressure control: a scoping review.

Aim: Hypertension control in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the worst (less than one out of ten) when compared to the rest of the world. Therefore, this scoping review was conducted to identify and describe the possible reasons for poor blood pressure (BP) control based on 4Ps' (patient, professional, primary healthcare system, and public health policy) factors.

Methods: PRISMA extension for scoping review protocol was used.

Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/ ledipasvir in treatment of patients with COVID-19; A randomized clinical trial.

Background: There is no study regarding the use of SOF/LDP in treatment of COVID-19.  Objectives: In this study, the efficacy and safety of SOF/LDP were assessed in treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.

Methods: Among an open-label randomized clinical trial, 82 patients with mild to moderated COVID-19 were assigned to receive either SOF/LDP 400/100 mg daily plus the standard of care (SOF/LDP group, n=42) or the standard of care alone (control group, n=40) for 10 days.

Effect of two major health reforms on health care cost and utilization in Fars Province of Iran: family physician program and health transformation plan.

Background: Family physician program (FPP) and health transformation plan (HTP) are two major reforms that have been implemented in Iran's health system in recent. The present study was aimed at evaluating the impact of these two reforms on the level of service utilization and cost of health care services.

Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on people insured by social security organization in Fars province during 2009-2016.

Improving the biological activity of fingolimod loaded PHBV nanoparticles by using hydrophobically modified alginate.

Uncontrolled distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) within the body can significantly decrease the efficiency of drug therapy and is considered among the main restrictions of NPs application. The aim of this study was to develop a depot combination delivery system (CDS) containing fingolimod loaded poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) NPs dispersed into a matrix of oleic acid-grafted-aminated alginate (OA-g-AAlg) to minimize the nonspecific biodistribution (BD) of PHBV NPs. OA-g-AAlg was synthesized in two step; First, Alg was aminated by using adipic dihydrazide (ADH).