Predicting home delivery and identifying its determinants among women aged 15-49 years in sub-Saharan African countries using a Demographic and Health Surveys 2016-2023: a machine learning algorithm.

Background: Birth-related mortality is significantly increased by home births without skilled medical assistance during delivery, presenting a major risk to the public's health. The objective of this study is to predict home delivery and identify the determinants using machine learning algorithm in sub-Saharan African.

Methods: This study used design science approaches.

Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence Diagnosed Late in the Third Trimester: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication associated with monochorionic twins. It is characterized by blood flow from the umbilical artery of the normal (pump) twin to the umbilical artery of the abnormal (acardiac) twin via artery-to-artery anastomosis. This condition is associated with 100% mortality in the acardiac twin and a high rate of perinatal morbidity and mortality in the pump twin, primarily due to intrauterine hypoxic injury, heart failure, and prematurity.

Developing teachers' competency for inclusive education in Ethiopia.

Background: In light of the increasing diversity within school populations globally, a pressing need arises for nations to prioritise the enhancement of teachers' competencies in implementing inclusive education, recognising the central role teacher education programmes play in addressing this imperative. Teacher education programmes centred on inclusion not only respond to this global priority but also wield influence on teachers' attitudes, self-efficacy and stress levels when engaging with diverse learners.

Objectives: The study presents an analysis of the effectiveness of a teacher education programme in Ethiopia in developing teachers' competencies for inclusion.

Photophysical Properties, Fluorescence Quenching of Metformin Hydrochloride by Caffeine, and its Docking with the AMP-activated protein kinase receptor.

In this research, the photophysical properties of metformin hydrochloride (MF-HCl) were studied using spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques. The interaction between metformin hydrochloride and caffeine is essential for understanding the pharmacokinetics of metformin, particularly in populations with high caffeine consumption. Metformin is a first-line medication for managing type 2 diabetes, while caffeine is a widely consumed dietary stimulant.

Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection and its associated risk factors in dairy cattle in and around Sebeta sub city, Ethiopia.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a highly infectious disease affecting cattle, leading to significant economic losses in many countries engaged in cattle production. From February 2022 to October 2022, a study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in the Sebeta subcity area of Sheger city, Ethiopia. The study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire to gather information on herd management practices from dairy farm owners.

Gender-based violence among women and girls in conflict-affected areas of Northeast Amhara, Ethiopia.

Background: Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is one of the major problems that women and girls encountered during the conflict between the Ethiopian federal government and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). However, there is a gap in evidence regarding gender-based violence resulting from the ongoing conflict in these areas. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of GBV and its contributing factors in the conflict-affected northeastern Amhara region of Ethiopia.

Positive Predictive Value of High-Grade Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System V2.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings for Prostate Cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men, second only to lung cancer. Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing the Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 scoring system effectively stratifies patients by risk and correlates significantly with histopathological outcomes.

Clinical and Radiological Features of Perianal Fistula: An MRI-Based Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Perianal fistula refers to an abnormal connection between the anal canal and the perianal skin or perineum. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in accurately characterizing perianal fistulas, which informs surgical strategies and helps minimize recurrence.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a single diagnostic imaging center in Addis Ababa, utilizing retrospectively collected data from May 2023 to June 2024.

Implementation fidelity and client satisfaction in HIV testing and counseling services: perspectives from facilities and clients in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Individuals can learn their HIV status through voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT), which also serves as a crucial access point for prevention, treatment, care, and support programs. VCT has grown in significance as a component of HIV prevention and care in Ethiopia because of its viability and convenience for the wider community, as well as its ability to provide access to care, treatment, and support for those in need. However, studies on this topic are limited, particularly because the fidelity of Ethiopia's VCT program has not been evaluated or measured.

Integration of family planning into the primary health care in Ethiopia: results from national assessment.

Background: Family planning (FP) is part of Ethiopia's essential health service package. However, integrating FP into other health care services is a relatively new concept. Integrated service can minimize missed opportunities and allow health workers to provide FP services and Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent, and Nutrition (RMNCAH-N) services simultaneously.

Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Diarrheagenic and Nontyphoidal Strains Isolated from Children with Diarrhea and Their Exposure Environments in Ethiopia.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, such as Ethiopia, where surveillance is limited. This study aimed to predict and characterize the AMR profiles of diarrheagenic (DEC) and nontyphoidal (NTS) strains isolated from human, animal, food, and environmental samples using whole genome sequencing.

Methods: A total of 57 NTS and 50 DEC isolates were sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq 550.

Occurrence and diversity of Campylobacter species in diarrheic children and their exposure environments in Ethiopia.

Campylobacter is a major zoonotic foodborne pathogen that poses a significant public health threat, particularly among children and immunocompromised individuals. However, data on the occurrence and sources of Campylobacter infection remain scarce in Ethiopia. This study assessed the occurrence, diversity, and relationships between Campylobacter from diarrheic children and potential exposure sources using whole-genome sequencing.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors at Yirgalem General Hospital, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a significant challenge to TB control efforts. This study evaluated the treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients receiving treatment for MDR-TB in southern Ethiopia.

Methods: A retrospective follow-up study covering ten years, from 2014 to 2023, analyzed the records of confirmed cases of pulmonary TB admitted to Yirgalem General Hospital, an MDR-TB treatment initiation center in the Sidama Region.

Longitudinal wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 during 2023 in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Although wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) successfully functioned as a tool for monitoring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic globally, relatively little is known about its utility in low-income countries. This study aimed to quantify severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater, estimate the number of infected individuals in the catchment areas, and correlate the results with the clinically reported COVID-19 cases in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A total of 323 influent and 33 effluent wastewater samples were collected from three Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) using a 24-h composite Moore swab sampling method from February to November 2023.

Serum Lipid Profile and Electrolytes Reference Intervals for Apparently Healthy Children and Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Accurate reference intervals generated from an apparently healthy population and stratified by crucial variables such as age and gender are required to guarantee appropriate interpretation of test results. Since there were no local reference intervals in the study area, the present study aimed to establish reference intervals on serum lipid profiles and electrolytes for children and adolescents in Addis Ababa.

Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2019.

Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens in Animal, Food, and Environmental Samples Collected From the Physical Exposure of Children With Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A One Health Approach.

Foodborne pathogens (FBPs) are transmitted principally through the consumption of contaminated food or drinking water and pose a remarkable public health risk, particularly in low-income countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and January 2023 to estimate the prevalence, co-occurrence, and monthly patterns of FBPs in the physical exposures of children with diarrhea in Harar town and Kersa district, Ethiopia. Animal, food, and environmental samples were collected from direct or indirect contact sites of children with diarrhea.

Survival status and its predictors among adult victims of road traffic accident admitted to public hospitals of Bahir Bar City, Amhara regional state, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2023: multi center retrospective follow-up study.

Introduction: Road traffic accident is the most common cause of death in adults worldwide. Road traffic accident-related deaths increased from time to time in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia; however, there is limited evidence about Survival status and its predictors among adult victims of road traffic accidents admitted to Hospitals in Ethiopia specifically in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to assess Survival status and its predictors among adult victims of road traffic accident admitted to Hospitals.

Cassava starch-based hot melt adhesive for textile industries.

The textile industry uses a lot of adhesives to join materials together, and many of these adhesives use petroleum-based ingredients that are harmful to the environment. To replace petroleum-based adhesives with a more environmentally friendly option for the textile industry, this study set out to create and evaluate a hot-melt adhesive derived from cassava starch. By adding kaolin clay as a filler and tannin as a tackifier in different ratios of starch, the created adhesive was enhanced.

Engaging with older people about digital technologies through nongovernmental organizations: A scoping review.

Introduction: This scoping review investigates the extent and nature of existing evidence on the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and related mechanisms of engagement and challenges in issues of caring for older persons through digital technologies. We map research and practice gaps, contributing factors and best practices in NGOs. The rising use of digital technology in health care and the role that NGOs have in supporting older people in this context is relevant to nurses and service development leaders, particularly in the context of a rapidly changing care in the 21 century.

Determinants of dropout from the maternal continuum of care in Ethiopia, multilevel analysis of the 2016 demographic and health survey.

Over the past two decades (2000-2020), Ethiopia achieved significant reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality, with a 72% and 44%, respectively. However, low maternal health service utilization and dropout from the maternal continuum of care remain major health system challenges. This study aimed to investigate individual and community-level determinants of dropout from the maternal continuum of care.