A Pilot Trial of a Home-Based Parenting Intervention for High-Risk Infants: Effects on and Moderating Role of Effortful Control.

Despite the important developmental outcomes associated with effortful control (EC), there is limited research demonstrating the efficacy of early interventions for improving EC and assessing the extent to which a child's level of baseline EC impacts the outcome of intervention on externalizing problems. This study aims to fill these gaps in the literature by assessing the efficacy of the Infant Behavior Program (IBP), a parenting intervention for infants with elevated levels of behavior problems, in improving infant EC and the moderating effect of baseline infant EC on intervention outcomes. Participants included 60 high-risk 12- to 15-month-old infants and their mothers.

Pathways from maternal shyness to adolescent social anxiety.

Background: Social anxiety is amongst the most prevalent adolescent mental health problems; however, it is often unrecognized due to its comorbidity with other anxiety problems such as generalized anxiety. Thus, understanding the unique developmental pathways to social anxiety is critical for improving its prevention. We examined the pathway from maternal shyness, when children were 4 years old, to adolescents' social anxiety at age 15 through social wariness at age 7.

Editorial: Treatment of Early Childhood Callous-Unemotional Traits: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here?

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, characterized by lack of remorse, guilt, or empathy, are represented in DSM-5 under the limited prosocial emotions specifier for conduct disorder. Research suggests that some interventions for conduct problems are less effective for children with higher levels of CU traits, and few interventions have been shown to reduce CU traits. Specifically, behavioral parenting interventions, evidence-based treatments for conduct problems, have been shown to be less effective for children with higher levels of CU traits.