Empowering women in sports biomechanics: exploring the impact of mentor circles.

This study evaluated the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports (ISBS) women's mentor circle programme. Forty-eight ISBS women members completed a survey that provided insight into how the circles operated, perceived benefits, and challenges to participation. Most circles met every 6-8 weeks with meetings lasting 1 to 1.

Agreement between an automated video-based system and tethered system to measure instantaneous swimming velocity.

Successful performance in competitive swimming requires a swimmer to maximise propulsion and minimise drag, which can be assessed using instantaneous swimming velocity. Many systems exist to quantify velocity, and therefore, it is important to understand the agreement between systems. This study examined the agreement between an automated video-based system and a tethered system to measure instantaneous velocity.

A 100-day mentoring program leads to positive shifts in girls' perceptions and attitudes towards biomechanics and related STEM disciplines.

The gender gap in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) is among the widest across education and professional fields, with an underrepresentation of girls and women, particularly in engineering and biomechanics. This issue begins early in education and worsens as females progress into more senior roles. To address this gap, we designed and implemented the Biomechanics Research and Innovation Challenge (BRInC), a 100-day STEM program focused on mentoring and role modelling to engage high school girls and early-career biomechanists at key phases where they most commonly disengage in STEM.

The gene regulatory basis of bystander activation in CD8 T cells.

CD8 T cells are classically recognized as adaptive lymphocytes based on their ability to recognize specific foreign antigens and mount memory responses. However, recent studies indicate that some antigen-inexperienced CD8 T cells can respond to innate cytokines alone in the absence of cognate T cell receptor stimulation, a phenomenon referred to as bystander activation. Here, we demonstrate that neonatal CD8 T cells undergo a robust and diverse program of bystander activation, which corresponds to enhanced innate-like protection against unrelated pathogens.

The Biomechanics Research and Innovation Challenge: Development, Implementation, Uptake, and Reflections on the Inaugural Program.

Biomechanics as a discipline is ideally placed to increase awareness and participation of girls and women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. A nationwide Biomechanics and Research Innovation Challenge (BRInC) centered on mentoring and role modeling was developed to engage high school girls (mentees) and early-mid-career women (mentors) in the field of biomechanics through the completion of a 100-day research and/or innovation project. This manuscript describes the development, implementation, and uptake of the inaugural BRInC program and synthesizes the research and innovation projects undertaken, providing a framework for adoption of this program within the global biomechanics community.

The immediate effect of multidirectional elastic tape on the passive mechanical properties of the ankle joint.

This study examined the immediate effects of multidirectional elastic tape (MET) on passive ankle joint torque in healthy adults. A randomised crossover trial evaluated four tape conditions (no-tape-NT, low-tension-LT, medium-tension-MT, and high-tension-HT) at two angular speeds on peak dorsiflexion torque, low- (stiffness 1) and high-torque stiffness (stiffness 2), area under the loading curve (AUC) and hysteresis. Twenty-two adults completed the study (17 females; mean (SD): age 26.

Reactive arthritis: the convoluted history of Reiter's disease.

Reactive arthritis, previously known as Reiter's Syndrome or Disease was a post-dysenteric, asymmetrical acute large joint polyarthritis, with fever, conjunctivitis, iritis, purulent urethral discharge, rash and penile soft tissue swelling. Although the eponym was given to Hans Reiter, various forms of the condition have been recorded in history a few hundred years before Reiter. Two French doctors, Noel Fiessinger (1881-1946) and Edgar Leroy (d.

John Alexander Mullin (1835-1899): The Canadian Physician who first described Osler's Nodes.

Sir William Osler (1849-1919), who became Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford in 1905, first drew attention in 1909 to the painful nodes in subacute bacterial endocarditis, which now carry his eponym, and he published an account in the Quarterly Journal of Medicine, which he helped establish. Attention is drawn to the often overlooked fact that it was a Dr John Alexander Mullin (1835-1899) of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, who first drew the attention of Sir William Oster to their occurrence. Confusion arose over the relationship between Osler's nodes and the skin lesions described by Theodore Caldwell Janeway (1872-1917), which are generally non-tender and found in acute bacterial endocarditis.

The illness of William Soutar (1898-1943).

William Soutar (1898-1943) was a Scottish poet, but many are unaware of his scholarly work which includes his famous "brain-rhymes". He was born in Perth Scotland in 1898. He was educated at Perth Primary School and Perth Academy and proved to be adept at sport and academics.

Medical aspects of the tour by Martin Martin (c 1660-1719) of the Western and Northern Islands of Scotland, Circa 1695.

This review is based investigations on the Western Isles, Scotland, by Martin Martin, a notable Scottish Highlander, academic and medical doctor, of the 17th-18th century. His extensive observations of the geography and peoples of these Isles were recorded in his books, "On the Description of the Western Islands of Scotland Circa 1695" and "A Late Voyage to St Kilda". In these books and subsequent papers there were some noteworthy observations on the occurrence (and as he says non-occurrence) of "epidemical" diseases and conditions afflicting the peoples of The Isle of Skye and the Western Isles of Scotland in this period, and these are discussed in this review.

Treatment of rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders.

Non-medicinal therapies with water, salts, exercise, massage, supportive devices, and electricity have been used for centuries and continue to be of benefit for some people with musculoskeletal disorders. Historical texts refer to the two electuaries mithridatium and theriaca as early therapeutic attempts of man to provide relief of musculoskeletal symptoms and attempt disease cures. For over 200 years, morphine-derived products have been used for musculoskeletal pain.

Clinical therapeutic trials.

The term clinical trial implies an investigation of a therapeutic intervention in the pursuit of evidence of benefit, short or sustained, and observations on the possibility of toxicity related to the therapeutic intervention. It is possible that the first clinical trial took place in the court of the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar circa 600 BC, as recorded in Chapter 1 of the Book of Daniel, verse 3-20. However, it is in the last 500 years that there has been good written documentation at attempts to interpret therapeutic benefit from the use of treatments.

Narcotic analgesics.

There is documentation of the use of opium derived products in the ancient history of the Assyrians: the Egyptians; in the sixth century AD by the Roman Dioscorides; and by Avicenna (980-1037). Reference to opium like products is made by Paracelsus and by Shakespeare. Charles Louis Derosne and Fredrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner isolated morphine from raw opium in 1802 and 1806 respectively, and it was Sertürner who named the substance morphine, after Morpheus, the Greek God of dreams.

Osteoarthritis.

The clinical appearance and radiological pattern of osteoarthritis have been identified in the skeletons of dinosaurs some 50-70 million years old, and in Egyptian mummies, and in ancient skeletons in England. Osteoarthritis patterns of joint involvement, often referred to as primary osteoarthritis, can be seen in the hands, spinal facet joints, hips, knees and feet, but can also be termed secondary osteoarthritis when seen in any joint that has had trauma, sepsis, surgery or metabolic insult. The prevalence of osteoarthritis increases with age.

Surgery of joints.

Crude forms of musculoskeletal surgery have been performed through history for the treatment of deformity, pain and the horrors of battle. In more modern times Muller is credited with the first synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis in 1884, and a Synovectomy was first performed by Richard von Volkmann (1830-1889) for joint tuberculosis. Chemical synovectomy consisting of the intra-articular injection of various agents was popular for a while but is now largely discarded.

Sjögren's syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterised as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes), xerostomia (dry mouth) commonly associated with salivary gland enlargement, and is referred to as Primary Sjögren's syndrome. It is known as Secondary Sjögren's syndrome when it occurs in patients, with connective tissue disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarthritis nodosa, polymyositis, and systemic sclerosis. SS has also been associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, human immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis C infection (HCV), chronic biliary cirrhosis, neoplastic and myeloplastic syndromes, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Rheumatoid arthritis.

It is difficult to determine from ancient writings, old human specimens, and from Art over the centuries, as to when Rheumatoid Arthritis first appeared. It may be a relatively modern condition, as it was reasonably well described in the seventeenth century. Augustin Jacob Landre-Beauvais (1772-1840), University of Paris is credited, with the first clear description of the disease in his thesis.

Effects of multidirectional elastic tape on pain and function in individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy: A randomised crossover trial.

Objective: To investigate the effects of multidirectional elastic tape on pain and function in individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy.

Study Design: Randomised crossover trial.

Setting: Biomechanics laboratory.

Decreasing dosage partially corrects embryonic growth and brain transcriptome phenotypes in embryos.

Cohesin rings interact with DNA and modulate the expression of thousands of genes. NIPBL loads cohesin onto chromosomes, and WAPL takes it off. Haploinsufficiency for causes a developmental disorder, Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), that is modeled by mice.

Effects of multidirectional elastic tape on forearm muscle activity and wrist extension during submaximal gripping in individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy: A randomised crossover trial.

Background: Lateral elbow tendinopathy is associated with changes to forearm muscle activity and wrist posture during gripping. Multidirectional elastic tape is thought to exert a deloading effect on underlying musculotendinous structures, which could potentially alter muscle activity or wrist posture.

Methods: This single-blinded randomised crossover trial compared the immediate effects of tensioned multidirectional elastic tape, untensioned control tape, and no tape, in individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy.

Testing the Drosophila maternal haploid gene for functional divergence and a role in hybrid incompatibility.

Crosses between Drosophila simulans females and Drosophila melanogaster males produce viable F1 sons and poorly viable F1 daughters. Unlike most hybrid incompatibilities, this hybrid incompatibility violates Haldane's rule, the observation that incompatibilities preferentially affect the heterogametic sex. Furthermore, it has a different genetic basis than hybrid lethality in the reciprocal cross, with the causal allele in Drosophila melanogaster being a large species-specific block of complex satellite DNA on its X chromosome known as the 359-bp satellite, rather than a protein-coding locus.

The biomechanical effects of 3D printed and traditionally made foot orthoses in individuals with unilateral plantar fasciopathy and flat feet.

Background: Foot orthoses (FOs) are used to manage foot pathologies such as plantar fasciopathy. 3D printed custom-made FOs are increasingly being manufactured. Although these 3D-printed FOs look like traditionally heat-moulded FOs, there are few studies comparing FOs made using these two different manufacturing processes.