Is V̇O suppressed during nonapnoeic facial submersion?

The mammalian dive response (DR) is described as oxygen-conserving based on measures of bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, and decreased ventilation (V̇). Using a model of simulated diving, this study examined the effect of nonapnoeic facial submersions (NAFS) on oxygen consumption (V̇O). 19 participants performed four 2-min NAFS with 8 min of rest between each.