HERV-W Env Induces Neuron Pyroptosis via the NLRP3-CASP1-GSDMD Pathway in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia.

HERVs (Human endogenous retroviruses) are remnants of ancient exogenous retroviruses that have integrated into the human genome, particularly in germ-line cells. Among these, the envelope protein gene (Human endogenous retroviruses W family envelope protein), located on chromosome 7 and primarily expressed in the human placenta, has been closely linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, as well as autoimmune diseases and cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the abnormal expression of cytokines as a key factor in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Sustained immunogenicity of bivalent protein COVID-19 vaccine SCTV01C against antigen matched and mismatched variants.

Background: The development of bivalent or multivalent vaccines offers a promising strategy for combating SARS-CoV-2 mutations.

Research Design And Methods: In this phase 2 trial, conducted from 1 December 2021, to 25 July 2023, 392 unvaccinated adults aged ≥18 years were randomized to receive a primary series of two doses and a booster dose of SCTV01C, a bivalent protein SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Results: Geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against live Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron showed 85.

The impact of exercise during radiotherapy on treatment-related side effects in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Radiation therapy for breast cancer often causes side effects like cancer-related fatigue, depression, and sleep disorders, impacting health-related quality of life, psychosocial aspects, and physical function. Exercise therapy is commonly used to manage cancer-related fatigue, but its effectiveness remains uncertain due to varying patient conditions and adherence. This systematic review aims to assess exercise interventions during radiotherapy for their effects on physiological and psychological side effects in breast cancer patients, clarifying efficacy and exploring different intervention types.

hnRNPU-mediated pathogenic alternative splicing drives gastric cancer progression.

Background: Alternative splicing (AS) is a process that facilitates the differential inclusion of exonic sequences from precursor messenger RNAs, significantly enhancing the diversity of the transcriptome and proteome. In cancer, pathogenic AS events are closely related to cancer progression. This study aims to investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of AS in gastric cancer (GC).

The multifaceted roles of cathepsins in immune and inflammatory responses: implications for cancer therapy, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.

The cathepsin family comprises lysosomal proteases that play essential roles in various physiological processes, including protein degradation, antigen presentation, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling. Dysregulation of cathepsin activity has been linked to a variety of pathological conditions, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the functions of cathepsins is crucial for gaining insights into their roles in both health and disease, as well as for developing targeted therapeutic approaches.

Analysis of risk factors for surgical site infection in spinal surgery patients and study of direct economic losses.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious complication of spine surgery, leading to prolonged hospital stays, re-operations, and economic losses. The aim of the study was to explore the types and quantities of pathogenic bacteria involved, the incidence of SSI, and to identify the independent risk factors and direct economic impact on patients with postoperative SSI in spine surgery.

Methods: The medical records of spine surgery patients from January 2023 to April 2024 at two hospitals in Xinjiang were retrospectively reviewed.

A cross-linked coating loaded with antimicrobial peptides for corrosion control, early antibacterial, and sequential osteogenic promotion on a magnesium alloy as orthopedic implants.

Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys have been recognized as desirable biodegradable materials for orthopedic implants. However, their clinical application has been limited by rapid degradation rates, insufficient antibacterial and osteogenic-promotion properties. Herein, a MgF priming layer was first constructed on AZ31 surface.

Terpenoids as principal bioactive compound of essential oils: enhancing synergistic efficacy with conventional antibiotics.

Background: The rise of antibiotic resistance imposes the search for novel antimicrobial strategies as natural products or its combination with antibiotics. This study investigates the synergistic effects of terpenoids from () essential oil in combination with antibiotics against () and (). The aims were to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy, analyze functional group modifications and assess molecular interaction.

Metal Doping Enabling Defective CoMo-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Photosensitizers for NIR-II Photodynamic Cancer Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is attracting widespread attention as a promising strategy for tumor treatment. However, the efficacy of PDT is severely limited by the insufficient tissue penetration depth of the light source and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency. Herein, the metal doping strategy is reported to construct a series of defect-rich M-doped amorphous CoMo-layered double hydroxide (a-M-CoMo-LDH, M = Mn, Cu, Al, Ni, Mg, Zn) photosensitizers (PSs) for NIR-II PDT.

Bioinformatics and Expression Analyses of the Gene Subfamily in Wheat ( L.).

Amino acids are the main form of nitrogen in plants, and their transport across cell membranes relies on amino acid transporters (AATs). Among the plant AATs, the TaATLa subfamily comprises 18 members, yet the bioinformatics characteristics and functions of genes in common wheat remain poorly understood due to their complex genomes. This study performed genomic analyses of .

Differential Occupational Health Risks between Methylated PAHs and PAHs: Monitoring 126 PAHs and 6 Oxidative Stress Markers in Paired Serum-Urine Samples.

The hazards of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on occupationally exposed population have been widely acknowledged. However, the occupational exposure risks associated their derivatives, methylated PAHs, remain poorly understood. This study conducted a screen of 126 PAHs and 6 oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs) in paired serum-urine samples from 110 petrochemical workers to assess the risk associated with different PAHs exposure.

Earth-abundant catalyst for modification of wheat straw to enhance ammonia mitigation from fertilized alkaline soil.

In this study, inexpensive earth-abundant catalyst of Co/TiO is coupled with a low-temperature modification approach to enhance NH adsorption capacity on wheat straw (WS). The highest NH uptake achieved is 111.9 mg/g, with 80.

Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of common culinary spices: (clove) and (black pepper).

Background: The increasing resistance of microbial pathogens to conventional antibiotics necessitates the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical properties of (clove) and (black pepper) extracts, both of which are known for their historical use in traditional medicine and culinary applications.

Methods: Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of clove and black pepper were prepared.

Determining the Disinfectants Resistance Genes and the Susceptibility to Common Disinfectants of Extensively Drug-Resistant Carbapenem-Resistant Strains at a Tertiary Hospital in China.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) infection has become a significant threat to global health. The application of chemical disinfectants is an effective infection control strategy to prevent the spread of CRKP in hospital environments. However, bacteria have shown reduced sensitivity to clinical disinfectants in recent years.

A LDH-Derived Metal Sulfide Nanosheet-Functionalized Bioactive Glass Scaffold for Vascularized Osteogenesis and Periprosthetic Infection Prevention/Treatment.

Periprosthetic infection and prosthetic loosing stand out as prevalent yet formidable complications following orthopedic implant surgeries. Synchronously addressing the two complications is long-time challenging. Herein, a bioactive glass scaffold (BGS) functionalized with MgCuFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH)-derived sulfide nanosheets (BGS/MCFS) is developed for vascularized osteogenesis and periprosthetic infection prevention/treatment.

A Se Nanoparticle/MgFe-LDH Composite Nanosheet as a Multifunctional Platform for Osteosarcoma Eradication, Antibacterial and Bone Reconstruction.

Despite advances in treating osteosarcoma, postoperative tumor recurrence, periprosthetic infection, and critical bone defects remain critical concerns. Herein, the growth of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) onto MgFe-LDH nanosheets (LDH) is reported to develop a multifunctional nanocomposite (LDH/Se) and further modification of the nanocomposite on a bioactive glass scaffold (BGS) to obtain a versatile platform (BGS@LDH/Se) for comprehensive postoperative osteosarcoma management. The uniform dispersion of negatively charged SeNPs on the LDH surface restrains toxicity-inducing aggregation and inactivation, thus enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activation and superoxide anion radical (·O )-HO conversion.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Thiazolo[3, 2-a]Pyrimidine derivatives as novel RNase H inhibitors.

Targeting Ribonuclease H (RNase H) has been considered a viable strategy for HIV therapy. In this study, a series of novel thiazolo[3, 2-a]pyrimidine derivatives were firstly designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of HIV-1 RNase H. Among these compounds, A28 exhibited the most potent inhibition against HIV-1 RNase H with an IC value of 4.

The miR-641-STIM1 and SATB1 axes play important roles in the regulation of the Th17/Treg balance in ITP.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease caused by T-cell dysfunction. Recently, several studies have shown that a disturbed Th17/Treg balance contributes to the development of ITP. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA moleculesthat posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression.

Design and optimization of haze prediction model based on particle swarm optimization algorithm and graphics processor.

With the rapid expansion of industrialization and urbanization, fine Particulate Matter (PM) pollution has escalated into a major global environmental crisis. This pollution severely affects human health and ecosystem stability. Accurately predicting PM levels is essential.

Efficacy of Random Forest Models in Predicting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Nosocomial Infections Compared to Traditional Logistic Regression Models.

This study evaluates whether random forest (RF) models are as effective as traditional Logistic Regression (LR) models in predicting multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial nosocomial infections. Data were collected from 541 patients with hospital-acquired Gram-negative bacterial infections at two tertiary-level hospitals in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, from August 2022 to November 2023. Relevant literature informed the selection of significant predictors based on patients' pre-infection clinical information and medication history.

Structure-guided design of novel biphenyl-quinazoline derivatives as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors featuring improved anti-resistance, selectivity, and solubility.

In pursuit of enhancing the anti-resistance efficacy and solubility of our previously identified NNRTI 1, a series of biphenyl-quinazoline derivatives were synthesized employing a structure-based drug design strategy. Noteworthy advancements in anti-resistance efficacy were discerned among some of these analogs, prominently exemplified by compound 7ag, which exhibited a remarkable 1.37 to 602.

Subgenome-aware analyses reveal the genomic consequences of ancient allopolyploid hybridizations throughout the cotton family.

Malvaceae comprise some 4,225 species in 243 genera and nine subfamilies and include economically important species, such as cacao, cotton, durian, and jute, with cotton an important model system for studying the domestication of polyploids. Here, we use chromosome-level genome assemblies from representatives of five or six subfamilies (depending on the placement of ) to differentiate coexisting subgenomes and their evolution during the family's deep history. The results reveal that the allohexaploid Helicteroideae partially derive from an allotetraploid Sterculioideae and also form a component of the allodecaploid Bombacoideae and Malvoideae.

Inhibitory Effect of Acetaminophen on Ocular Pigmentation and its Relationship with Thyroxine in Zebrafish Embryos.

Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP) is one of the most widely used analgesics. To examine the toxicity of APAP, we used zebrafish embryos as model animals to detect the effect of APAP on the thyroid system of zebrafish embryos. The zebrafish embryos were exposed to APAP from 4 h post fertilization (4 hpf) until observation.