Domestic and external violence, parental neglect, and social sanctions among crack users: A cross-sectional study exploring the role of gender.

Background: Substance Use Disorders are often associated with significant levels of domestic and external violence registered among abusers. This investigation aimed to evaluate the Domestic Violence Involvement (DVI) and related gender differences among Crack Cocaine Users in Brazil.

Methods: For this purpose, a secondary data analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study involving 780 Crack Cocaine Users from 6 Brazilian capitals was performed.

Toward a resilience selection index with indicator traits in German Holstein dairy cattle.

Resilience expresses the ability of an individual to cope with short-term disturbances and to recover quickly by returning to the original level of performance. It can be measured by variance-based parameters and by the autocorrelation of daily milk yields in dairy cows. The design of resilience indicator traits and their heritabilities and genetic correlations have been studied in detail in recent years.

The conserved active site aspartate residue is required for the function of the chloroplast atypical kinase ABC1K1.

Introduction: The Arabidopsis (Activity of BC1 complex/proton regulation 6) mutant is characterized by photosynthetic and conditional developmental phenotypes triggered by stressful red as well as high light. The Arabidopsis ABC1-like kinases belong to the atypical kinase family and contain conserved ATP-binding and hydrolysis motifs, but their physiological requirement has never been investigated.

Methods: By mutation to asparagine, we demonstrate that the highly conserved active site aspartate residue within ATP-binding motif VIIb is required for the physiological functions of ABC1K1.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine as an adjuvant treatment for alcohol use disorder.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as an adjuvant treatment, on treatment adherence (primary outcome), in peripheral biomarkers and clinical improvement (secondary outcomes) in alcohol use disorders (AUD) patients.

Methods: A 9-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on 53 (n=25 NAC, n=28 placebo) inpatients with AUD. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, and hepatic parameters were analyzed in three-time moments.

Plastic ingestion by odontocetes from the Western South Atlantic: A particular concern to a threatened species.

The ingestion of debris by marine fauna is a growing threat to biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate and characterize litter ingestion by odontocetes from the Western South Atlantic. Between 2018 and 2022, 154 stomachs from six species were collected from stranded individuals and incidental captures.

Human navigation strategies and their errors result from dynamic interactions of spatial uncertainties.

Goal-directed navigation requires continuously integrating uncertain self-motion and landmark cues into an internal sense of location and direction, concurrently planning future paths, and sequentially executing motor actions. Here, we provide a unified account of these processes with a computational model of probabilistic path planning in the framework of optimal feedback control under uncertainty. This model gives rise to diverse human navigational strategies previously believed to be distinct behaviors and predicts quantitatively both the errors and the variability of navigation across numerous experiments.

Implications of Impulsivity on Criminal Behavior in Individuals With Substance Use Disorder.

Objective: Our aim was to analyze the association between criminal behavior and impulsivity in individuals with drug addiction and investigate whether impulsiveness mediates the relationship between drug use severity and legal problems.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 773 men diagnosed with addiction (295 alcohol users and 478 users of crack/polysubstance) while undergoing addiction treatment. The BIS-11 and ASI-6 were applied to assess impulsivity, criminal behavior, and drug use.

Murine iPSC-Loaded Scaffold Grafts Improve Bone Regeneration in Critical-Size Bone Defects.

In certain situations, bones do not heal completely after fracturing. One of these situations is a critical-size bone defect where the bone cannot heal spontaneously. In such a case, complex fracture treatment over a long period of time is required, which carries a relevant risk of complications.

UV Radiation and Protein Hydrolysates in Bio-Based Films: Impacts on Properties and Italian Salami Preservation.

UV radiation was combined with the incorporation of fish protein hydrolysates to improve the performance of active bio-based films for food packaging. UV radiation was not used previously to enhance the packaging performance of blend films of starch/protein, and fish protein hydrolysates were not incorporated in bio-based polymer surfaces previously. Rice starch and fish proteins (from Whitemouth croaker muscle) were utilized to prepare films by the casting technique, which were UV-radiated under different exposure times (1, 5, and 10 min).

Association between telomere length with alcohol use disorder and internalizing/externalizing comorbidities in a Brazilian male sample.

Background: Shortening telomere length (TL) is an important ageing marker associated with substance use disorder (SUD). However, the influence of psychiatric and clinical comorbidities and alcohol-related outcomes has not been much explored in the context of TL in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and may be a source of heterogeneity in AUD studies. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the influence of AUD, alcohol-related outcomes, and common psychiatric comorbidities on TL in men with AUD and healthy controls (HC).

Influence of microplastics and biogenic particles on the size spectra of tropical estuarine and marine pelagic ecosystems.

Size spectra analysis has been widely used to study pelagic ecosystems worldwide. It has a solid theoretical and empirical basis and can be used to provide useful information on ecosystem structure and trophic efficiency. The objective of this study was to obtain complete Normalized Biovolume Size Spectra (NBSS), including zooplankton, microplastics, and other suspended particles, along an estuary-shelf gradient.

Assessing the Plastisphere from Floating Plastics in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, with Emphasis on Viruses.

Plastics in the ocean create the "plastisphere", a diverse habitat hosting various life forms. Other than the pollution induced by plastics, the co-occurrence of primary producers, symbiotic organisms, decomposers, and pathogens within the plastisphere raises questions about how they influence the dynamics of marine ecosystems. Here, we used a shotgun DNA-sequencing approach to describe the species thriving on floating plastics collected in two Mediterranean sites.

A network analysis of early trauma and impulsive behavior in individuals with alcohol, cocaine, and polysubstance use disorder.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between impulsivity and early trauma through a network analysis in individuals diagnosed with different substance use disorders.

Methods: In a cross-sectional design, the sample included 556 men with substance use disorders (195 with alcohol use, 157 with cocaine/crack use, and 214 with polysubstance use). Early trauma and impulsive behavior were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, respectively.

Hematological inflammatory biomarkers in patients with alcohol and cocaine use disorders.

Background: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelets-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are biomarkers easy-to-obtain and could be used in clinical practice to verify an inflammatory status and are associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cocaine use disorder (CUD). Our aim was to compare NLR, MLR and PLR among men with AUD and CUD and to assess the relationship between these biomarkers and addiction-related outcomes.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study comprising 979 inpatient men diagnosed with substance use disorder (391 with AUD and 588 with CUD) under hospital treatment for drug addiction.

Resilience indicator traits in 3 dairy cattle breeds in Baden-Württemberg.

In recent years, research in animal breeding has increasingly focused on the topic of resilience, which is expected to continue in the future due to the need for high-yielding, healthy, and robust animals. In this context, an established approach is the calculation of resilience indicator traits with time series analyses. Examples are the variance and autocorrelation of daily milk yield in dairy cows.

Proposing an integrative, dynamic and transdiagnostic model for addictions: dysregulation phenomena of the three main modes of the predostatic mind.

Several theories have been proposed to explain the complex diagnostic aspects related to addiction disorders and their development. Recent frameworks tend to focus on dimensional perspectives of symptoms rather than categorical systems, since substance use disorders are frequently comorbid with other psychiatric and especially personality disorders. However, useful transdiagnostic models that could integrate clinical evaluation derived from neuroscientific theories are lacking.

Global DNA methylation patterns in Alcohol Use Disorder.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a highly prevalent condition worldwide that produces a wide range of pathophysiological consequences, with a critical impact on health and social issues. Alcohol influences gene expression through epigenetic changes mainly through DNA methylation. In this sense, levels of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), namely Global DNA methylation (GMe), which can be influenced by environmental and hormonal effects, represent a putative biological mechanism underlying alcohol effects.

Influence of UV exposure time and simulated marine environment on different microplastic degradation.

This study investigated the influence of environmental factors (UV radiation and salinity) in the degradative process of microplastics (MPs). MPs derived from polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) were subjected to accelerated photodegradation while being submerged in distilled water or artificial seawater. Depending on the polymer, changes in surface properties, new functional chemical group formation and oxidative index, and thermal characteristics of samples were observed.

Chromosome-scale assemblies of , and provide insights into the evolution of genomes.

is a large and diverse tree genus in the Myrtaceae family. Genome assemblies for clove (, 370 Mb) and sea apple (, 405 Mb) provided the first insights into the genomic features and evolution of the genus. Here, we present additional chromosome-scale genome assemblies for , and Genome profiling analyses show that , like and , is diploid (2n = 2x = 22), while the , , and specimens are autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 44).

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Mortality in Pennsylvania: A Retrospective Study with Geospatial Analysis.

Background: We sought to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer mortality and identify associated factors in Pennsylvania.

Methods: The retrospective study analyzed cross-sectional cancer mortality data from CDC WONDER for 2015 through 2020 for Pennsylvania and its 67 counties. The spatial distributions of 2019, 2020, and percentage change in age-adjusted mortality rates by county were analyzed via choropleth maps and spatial autocorrelation.