Meta-analysis shows the impacts of ecological restoration on greenhouse gas emissions.

International initiatives set ambitious targets for ecological restoration, which is considered a promising greenhouse gas mitigation strategy. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the impacts of ecological restoration on greenhouse gas emissions using a dataset compiled from 253 articles. Our findings reveal that forest and grassland restoration increase CH uptake by 90.

Effects of drought and nutrient deficiencies on the allocation of recently fixed carbon in a plant-soil-microbe system.

Carbon (C) allocation plays an important role in plant adaptation to water and nutrient stresses. However, the effects of drought and nutrient deficiencies on the allocation of recently fixed C in the plant-soil-microbe system remain largely unknown. Herein, we studied the response of C allocation of Sophora moorcroftiana (an indigenous pioneer shrub in Tibet) to drought, nitrogen (N) deficiency and phosphorus (P) deficiency using a microcosm experiment.

The Carbon Emission Characteristics and Reduction Potential in Developing Areas: Case Study from Anhui Province, China.

Global warming and world-wide climate change caused by increasing carbon emissions have attracted a widespread public attention, while anthropogenic activities account for most of these problems generated in the social economy. In order to comprehensively measure the levels of carbon emissions and carbon sinks in Anhui Province, the study adopted some specific carbon accounting methods to analyze and explore datasets from the following suggested five carbon emission sources of energy consumption, food consumption, cultivated land, ruminants and waste, and three carbon sink sources of forest, grassland and crops to compile the carbon emission inventory in Anhui Province. Based on the compiled carbon emission inventory, carbon emissions and carbon sink capacity were calculated from 2000 to 2019 in Anhui Province, China.

High-Throughput Metabolic Soft-Spot Identification in Liver Microsomes by LC/UV/MS: Application of a Single Variable Incubation Time Approach.

CYP-mediated fast metabolism may lead to poor bioavailability, fast drug clearance and significant drug interaction. Thus, metabolic stability screening in human liver microsomes (HLM) followed by metabolic soft-spot identification (MSSID) is routinely conducted in drug discovery. Liver microsomal incubations of testing compounds with fixed single or multiple incubation time(s) and quantitative and qualitative analysis of metabolites using high-resolution mass spectrometry are routinely employed in MSSID assays.

Changes in the composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities in response to soil types and acid rain.

It is widely known how acid rain negatively impacts plant physiology. However, the magnitude of these effects may depend on soil types. Although the response of aboveground parts has received much attention, the effects of soil types and acid rain on underground processes are yet to be studied, specifically with respect to the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere.

Soil bacteria are more sensitive than fungi in response to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment.

Anthropogenic activities have dramatically increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) enrichments in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it is still unclear on how bacterial and fungal communities would respond to the simultaneously increased N and P enrichment. In this study, we used a field experiment to simulate N and P input, and examined the effects of N and P additions on the abundance, alpha-diversity, and community composition of soil bacteria and fungi in a riparian forest.

Effect of multiple spatial scale characterization of land use on water quality.

Land use in uplands is an important factor affecting water quality in its respective catchment, and its influences at the different spatial scales and configurations warrant further investigation. Here, we selected 26 catchments in the upper Han River (China) and sampled the surface water at the outlet of each catchment in four seasons during 2019. Multivariate statistics were used to identify the relationships between land use characteristics in uplands and water quality in river system.

[Species-habitat association of a deciduous broadleaved forest in the subtropical and tempe-rate transition zone].

The species-habitat association analysis facilitates a better understanding of species coexis-tence and community assembly. Here, all trees in a 25-hm broadleaved deciduous forest plot in the Qinling Mountains of North-central China were classified into three life stages (., seedling, sapling, and adult).

Spatial and temporal differentiation and influencing factors of environmental governance performance in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

As the development of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has been upgraded to a national level development strategy in China, relevant regions need to pay more attention to the environmental governance issues. Based on the 2013-2018 development data of 41 cities and the established evaluation indicator system with "press-state-response" (PSR) model, we mainly use a combination of global principal component analysis (GPCA) and entropy method to comprehensively measure regional environmental governance performance (EGP) in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Next, the spatial relationship is explored and discussed with spatial autocorrelation analysis.

Performance evaluation of urban environmental governance in Anhui Province based on spatial and temporal differentiation analyses.

When the process of urbanization has brought economic benefits in the Yangtze River Delta of China, environmental pollution becomes increasingly prominent. In order to achieve integrated sustainable green development and reduce the gap in environmental governance performance between regions, this study analyzed the environmental issues of provincial cities in Anhui Province from 2013 to 2017 in the urban agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta. Governance performance is analyzed and the evaluation index system framework is determined using the "pressure-state-response" model with the panel and spatial data.

Plumbagin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome by inactivating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is recognized as a general endocrine disease and reproductive disorder. Although evidence indicates that PCOS has a complex etiology and genetic basis, the pathogenic mechanisms and signal pathway in PCOS remain unclear. In this study, the normal structure of follicle and corpus luteum were observed, and no cyst nor hyperemia was observed under the light microscopic study with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.

Effects of human disturbance activities and environmental change factors on terrestrial nitrogen fixation.

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation plays an important role in terrestrial N cycling and represents a key driver of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP). Despite the importance of N fixation in terrestrial ecosystems, our knowledge regarding the controls on terrestrial N fixation remains poor. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis (based on 852 observations from 158 studies) of N fixation across three types of ecosystems with different status of disturbance (no management, restoration [previously disturbed], and disturbance [currently disturbed]) and in response to multiple environmental change factors (warming, elevated carbon dioxide [CO ], increased precipitation, increased drought, increased N deposition, and their combinations).

Assessing the corporate green technology progress and environmental governance performance based on the panel data on industrial enterprises above designated size in Anhui Province, China.

Assessing the corporate green technology progress and environmental governance performance is essential to estimate the technological levels and environment regulation capabilities of enterprises. With the official statistics of collected panel data, we estimate and evaluate the differential levels of provincial corporate green technology and environmental governance performance of industrial enterprises above designated size (IEADSs) in Anhui Province across multiple dimensions. We firstly chose each surveyed city as the decision-making unit (DMU) in data envelopment analysis (DEA).

Disparity in elevational shifts of upper species limits in response to recent climate warming in the Qinling Mountains, North-central China.

Examinations of upper elevational distribution limits of tree species can provide indications of how subalpine vegetation responds to the ongoing climate warming. Dynamics and functional mechanisms of elevational treelines are reasonably well understood, while explanations for tree species-specific upper elevational distribution limits below the treeline still remain unclear. In this study, we used a state-of-the-art dendroecological approach to reconstruct long-term changes of species-specific upper elevational distribution limits of different plant functional type (i.

Ecophysiological responses of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings to simulated acid rain under different soil types.

Acid rain is a global environmental problem. Acid rain can affect plants directly by damaging the leaves and indirectly by soil acidifying. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the impacts of acid rain on plant under a single soil type.

Methodology for accounting the net mitigation of China's ecological restoration projects (CANM-EP).

The real emission mitigation by the ecological restoration projects depends upon the integrated effect of all greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets rather than the carbon sequestration alone. However, a comprehensive and robust methodology for estimating the relevant GHG budgets and net mitigation of China's ecological restoration projects is still urgently to await development. Based on the methods from IPCC and statistical data of the management practices under the projects, we constructed a methodology for carbon accounting and determining net mitigation for ecological restoration projects in China (CANM-EP).

Empirical analysis of the intelligent influence factors of social network services effectiveness in e-commerce based on human learning behaviors.

It is crucial for companies to understanding users' choices and learning behaviors, and the corresponding influencing factors and cognitive patterns regarding social network services to communicate with potential customers. In this study, a casual structural model was constructed and developed to model and characterize the relationships between problems to be resolved as antecedent variables and success factors as consequent variables with the intermediary variables based on human learning behaviors, whereas the concept of social network service was introduced to summarize the current issues of social network services and empirically factors affecting effectiveness of social network services. This study highlighted the corporate need to examine the intelligent role and learning effectiveness of social network services when studying social creativity and intelligence in a social networking environment.

The impact of differentiated technological innovation efficiencies of industrial enterprises on the local emissions of environmental pollutants in Anhui province, China, from 2012 to 2016.

The study was designed to evaluate the impact of differentiated technological innovation efficiencies of industrial enterprises on the local emissions of environmental pollutants in Anhui province, China, during the period of 2012-2016. The econometric models of DEA and SEM-PLS and Malmquist index are used to explore the potential impacts of differentiated technological innovation efficiencies of industrial enterprises on the local emissions of environmental pollutants in Anhui province. After an initial analysis of SEM-PLS model, the models of DEA and Malmquist index are used to evaluate the differentiated degrees and dynamic development levels of local technological innovation efficiencies of industrial enterprises in different regions of Anhui province.

Precise Dissolution Control and Bioavailability Evaluation for Insoluble Drug Berberine via a Polymeric Particle Prepared Using Supercritical CO₂.

It is still controversial whether poor aqueous solubility is the most primary reason for the low oral bioavailability of insoluble drugs. Therefore, in this study, berberine-loaded solid polymeric particles (BPs) of varied dissolution profiles with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as carrier were fabricated using solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS), and the relationship between dissolution and berberine (BBR) bioavailability was evaluated. Dissolution property was controlled via particle morphology manipulation, which was achieved by adjusting several key operating parameters during the SEDS process.

UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-oriented characteristic components dataset and multivariate statistical techniques for the holistic quality control of .

The holistic quality evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is confronted with significant challenges due to its extreme chemical complexity. In this study, a sensitive strategy based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and chemometric analysis was established and validated for the qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of characteristic components in . First, three mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns of phenolic acid standards were studied and summarized.

Effects of national ecological restoration projects on carbon sequestration in China from 2001 to 2010.

The long-term stressful utilization of forests and grasslands has led to ecosystem degradation and C loss. Since the late 1970s China has launched six key national ecological restoration projects to protect its environment and restore degraded ecosystems. Here, we conducted a large-scale field investigation and a literature survey of biomass and soil C in China's forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems across the regions where the six projects were implemented (∼16% of the country's land area).

Metabolic Pathway of Icotinib In Vitro: The Differential Roles of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP1A2 on Potential Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction.

Icotinib is the first self-developed small molecule drug in China for targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer. To date, systematic studies on the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction of icotinib were limited. By identifying metabolite generated in human liver microsomes and revealing the contributions of major cytochromes P450 (CYPs) in the formation of major metabolites, the aim of the present work was to understand the mechanisms underlying pharmacokinetic and pharmacological variability in clinic.

A practical strategy for the characterization of ponicidin metabolites in vivo and in vitro by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS based on nontargeted SWATH data acquisition.

Ponicidin is an active natural ent-kaurane diterpenoid ingredient originating from many Isondon herbs and is expected to become a new anticancer agent. In this study, a practical strategy was developed for the identification of ponicidin metabolites in vivo and in vitro utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The analytical strategy was as follows: potential ponicidin metabolites were detected by a novel on-line data acquisition approach, i.

Global-scale patterns of nutrient density and partitioning in forests in relation to climate.

Knowledge of nutrient storage and partitioning in forests is imperative for ecosystem models and ecological theory. Whether the nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) stored in forest biomass and their partitioning patterns vary systematically across climatic gradients remains unknown. Here, we explored the global-scale patterns of nutrient density and partitioning using a newly compiled dataset including 372 forest stands.

Response of soil physico-chemical properties to restoration approaches and submergence in the water level fluctuation zone of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, China.

With the completion of the Danjiangkou Dam, the impoundment and drainage of dams can significantly alter shorelines, hydrological regime, and sediment and can result in the loss of soil and original riparian vegetation. Revegetation may affect soil properties and have broad important implications both for ecological services and soil recovery. In this work, we investigated the soil properties under different restoration approaches, and before and after submergence in the water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of the Danjiangkou Reservoir.