Identification of laccase genes in Trichoderma asperellum Ts93.

Although extensive research efforts have been dedicated to characterizing the laccase from white-rot fungus, little information is available on laccases from Trichoderma spp. A copper-tolerant strain with the ability to produce laccase was isolated and identified as Trichoderma asperellum Ts93. Under optimized conditions, the maximum laccase activity was 1.

Cellulase from Trichoderma harzianum interacts with roots and triggers induced systemic resistance to foliar disease in maize.

Trichoderma harzianum is well known to exhibit induced systemic resistance (ISR) to Curvularia leaf spot. We previously reported that a C6 zinc finger protein (Thc6) is responsible for a major contribution to the ISR to the leaf disease, but the types of effectors and the signals mediated by Thc6 from Trichoderma are unclear. In this work, we demonstrated that two hydrolases, Thph1 and Thph2, from T.

Impacts on silkworm larvae midgut proteomics by transgenic Trichoderma strain and analysis of glutathione S-transferase sigma 2 gene essential for anti-stress response of silkworm larvae.

Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that have major impacts on humans as agriculture pests. The midgut is considered an important target for insect control. In the present study, 10 up-regulated, 18 down-regulated, and one newly emerged protein were identified in the transgenic Trichoderma-treated midgut proteome.

Genome sequence and virulence variation-related transcriptome profiles of Curvularia lunata, an important maize pathogenic fungus.

Background: Curvularia lunata is an important maize foliar fungal pathogen that distributes widely in maize growing area in China. Genome sequencing of the pathogen will provide important information for globally understanding its virulence mechanism.

Results: We report the genome sequences of a highly virulent C.

Biological role of Trichoderma harzianum-derived platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) on stress response and antagonism.

We investigated the properties of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) derived from Trichoderma harzianum. The enzyme, comprised of 572 amino acids, shares high homology with PAF-AH proteins from T. koningii and other microbial species.

Construction and functional analysis of Trichoderma harzianum mutants that modulate maize resistance to the pathogen Curvularia lunata.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) was used to generate an insertional mutant library of the mycelial fungus Trichoderma harzianum. From a total of 450 mutants, six mutants that showed significant influence on maize resistance to C. lunata were analyzed in detail.

Thc6 protein, isolated from Trichoderma harzianum, can induce maize defense response against Curvularia lunata.

Mutant T66 was isolated from 450 mutants (constructed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method) of Trichoderma harzianum. Maize seeds coated with T66 were more susceptible to Curvularia lunata when compared with those coated with wild-type (WT) strain. The disease index of maize treated with T66 and WT were 62.

Adenine deaminase is encoded by Tad1 and participates in copper accumulation in Trichoderma reesei.

We cloned a novel Tad1 gene and demonstrated that this gene is closely involved in copper bioaccumulation in Trichoderma reesei. Tad1 gene encodes a 510 amino acids protein of the amidohydrolase superfamily which belongs to COG0402. We found that adenine was the most efficient substrate of Tad1 protein among the substrates used in this study.

Disruption of hex1 in Trichoderma atroviride leads to loss of Woronin body and decreased tolerance to dichlorvos.

The tolerance of Trichoderma species to organophosphorus pesticides is necessary for their application in the bioremediation of pesticide-polluted environments. In some cases, such a requirement is also key to the synergistic use of these fungi with chemical pesticides, aiming to broaden the scope of control targets to include both plant pathogens and insect pests. However, the mechanism of Trichoderma tolerance of organophosphorus pesticides remains unclear.

Construction of a Streptomyces lydicus A01 transformant with a chit42 gene from Trichoderma harzianum P1 and evaluation of its biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea.

Streptomyces lydicus A01 and Trichoderma harzianum P1 are potential biocontrol agents of fungal diseases in plants. S. lydicus A01 produces natamycin to bind the ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane and inhibits the growth of Botrytis cinerea.

Impact on bacterial community in midguts of the Asian corn borer larvae by transgenic Trichoderma strain overexpressing a heterologous chit42 gene with chitin-binding domain.

This paper is the first report of the impact on the bacterial community in the midgut of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) by the chitinase from the transgenic Trichoderma strain. In this study, we detected a change of the bacterial community in the midgut of the fourth instar larvae by using a culture-independent method. Results suggested that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most highly represented phyla, being present in all the midgut bacterial communities.

Increased virulence of transgenic Trichoderma koningi strains to the Asian corn borer larvae by overexpressing heterologous chit42 gene with chitin-binding domains.

The chit42 gene cloned from Metarhizium anisopliae lacks chitin-binding domain (chBD), which plays important roles in binding insoluble chitin. Five kinds of hybrid chitinase Trichoderma transformants were constructed in this study, where the chit42 gene was fused to chBDs derived from plant, bacterial, and insect sources. The transformant Mc4 harboring chBDs from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) displayed the highest chitinase activity among all chBDs.

Understanding resistant germplasm-induced virulence variation through analysis of proteomics and suppression subtractive hybridization in a maize pathogen Curvularia lunata.

Curvularia lunata is an important pathogen causing Curvularia leaf spot in maize. Significant pathogenic variation has been found in C. lunata.

Trichoderma biodiversity in China.

In the present study, we made further investigation into the diversity of Trichoderma in China than previous ones utilizing comprehensive approaches of morphological microscopic observation and phylogenetic analysis by detecting molecular markers. One thousand nine hundred ten Trichoderma strains were isolated from soil or other materials in China: East (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Zhejiang province and Shanghai municipality), South-West (Guizhou, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan province, Tibet Autonomous Region and Chongqing municipality), South-East (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan province), and Middle China (Henan, Hubei and Hunan province). Representative isolates were verified at the species level by morphological characters and the oligonucleotide barcode program TrichoOKey v.

Tmac1, a transcription factor which regulated high affinity copper transport in Trichoderma reesei.

The Mac1 protein was a transcriptional activator that sensed very low concentration of copper and regulated the copper transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we cloned a gene from Trichoderma reesei named Tmac1, whose deduced amino acid sequence showed 29% identical to Mac1p. Furthermore, two Cys-His repeats metal binding motifs of Tmac1p, one in the 354-369C terminus and one in the 475-490C terminus were also present in Mac1p.

Accumulation of copper in Trichoderma reesei transformants, constructed with the modified Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation technique.

A modified Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method was established for the construction of mutants with improved copper tolerance and accumulation capability in Trichoderma reesei. One transformant, AT01, exhibited the highest copper accumulation capability. With copper at 0.