Amine-Borane-Mediated, Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling between Alkyl and Aryl Bromides.

Nickel/photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful platform for exploring nontraditional and challenging cross-couplings. Herein, a metallaphotoredox catalytic protocol has been developed on the basis of a tertiary amine-ligated boryl radical-induced halogen atom transfer process under blue-light irradiation. A wide variety of aryl and heteroaryl bromides featuring different functional groups and pharmaceutical moieties were facilely coupled to rapidly install C(sp)-enriched aromatic scaffolds.

Visible Light-Induced, Nickel-Catalyzed Late-Stage 4-Alkylation of Hantzsch Esters with Alkyl Bromide.

Herein, visible light-induced, nickel-catalyzed direct functionalization of the Hantzsch esters (HEs) with readily accessible alkyl bromides has been successfully achieved by taking advantage of HE as the reductant and substrate through an aromatization-dearomatization process. In this strategy, the single electron reduction of alkyl bromides by reactive Ni(I) species is essential for the success of this late-stage transformation. A wide range of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines were rapidly assembled in moderate to good yields under mild conditions, rendering this photoinduced approach attractive for synthetic and medicinal chemistry.

Photoexcited Ni-Aryl Complex-Mediated Giese Reaction of Aryl Bromides.

A Giese reaction of aryl bromides with electron-deficient alkenes was developed, enabled by a dual catalyst system containing Ni complex and Ir photocatalyst. This protocol could accommodate a variety of aryl bromides and electron-deficient alkenes, delivering the conjugate adducts in up to 97% yield. The utilization of photoexcited (dtbbpy)Ni(aryl)Br intermediate as an aryl radical source allows this novel transformation of aryl halides, thus expanding the chemical space of excited nickel catalysis.

Exploration of animal models to study the life cycle of .

The parasite is an important zoonotic parasite. The development of an animal model of 's life cycle is critical for studying the biological characteristics of the parasite in snails and mammals. Eggs of of bovine origin were cultured, and metacercariae were obtained after infection of snails.

[Effects of moxibustion on the structure and function of blood brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease model rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of moxibustion on the structure and function of blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats.

Methods: Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, sham operation group, model group, moxibustion group. Model group and moxibustion group rats were injected with aggregated Aβ by bilateral hippocampus.

[Effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures based on infection source control in mountainous areas of Yunnan Province].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures based on infection source control in plateau mountain areas of Yunnan Province.

Methods: From 2006 to 2004, four administrative villages were selected as test areas from plateau canyon and plateau basin endemic areas in Jindun Town, Heqing County, two villages each type, and the comprehensive control measures were implemented, including the examination and treatment of schistosomiasis, Oncomelania hupensis snail survey and control, health education, improving drinking water and lavatories, banning grazing, constructing sanitary pen of livestock, replacing cattle with machine, etc. The schistosome infection state and snail status in 2006 were treated as the baseline information, and the effect of the comprehensive measures were evaluated.

[Experimental infection of Galba pervia, Radix swinhoei and Physa acuta with Fasciola hepatica in Dali, Yunnan].

Objective: To determine the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Dali of Yunnan Province, and investigate its development and characteristics.

Methods: F. hepatica eggs from cattle were collected from July 2012 to July 2013, and placed in 28 degrees C water bath for incubation.

[Molluscicidal effect of WPN and MNSC on Lymnaea].

Objective: To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of wettable powder of 50% niclosamide ethanolamide salt (WPN) and suspension concentrate of 26% metaldehyde and niclosamide (MNSC) on Lymnaea.

Methods: WPN and MNSC were prepared as a series of solutions containing the active ingredient concentrations of 0.06, 0.

[Effect of comprehensive control and management of schistosomiasis at plateaus regions in Yunnan Province].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of comprehensive control and management of schistosomiasis at plateaus regions in Yunnan Province.

Methods: Xiaolian and Kangfu villages at plateaus regions where schistosomiasis was endemic were selected as study areas from 2006 to 2011, the schistosomiasis comprehensive control measures were conducted, and these measures included the health education, chemotherapy, stool and water management, grazing forbidden, Oncomelania snail control, etc. combined with the infrastructure of farmland water conservancy, agricultural comprehensive development, adjustment of industry structure, returning farmland to forest, ditch hardening, and aquaculture.

[Investigation on outbreak of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis due to consumption of snail food in Dali City].

Objective: To investigate the potential cause of an outbreak of eosinophilic meningitis in Dali City in March, 2011.

Methods: A retrospective investigation was performed among 18 consumers who had meal together. The clinical documents of inpatients were analyzed and the diagnoses were checked.