Molecular cloning and functional analyses of C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi.

Chemokines are critical molecules involved in immune reaction and immune system homeostasis, and some chemokines play a role in antiviral immunity. It is not known if the C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), a member of the CC chemokine family, possesses antiviral properties in fish. In this study, a ccl3 was cloned from the mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), and it has an open reading frame (ORF) of 276 base pairs, which are predicted to encode a 91-amino acid peptide.

Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for the treatment of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis: a retrospective study of 37 cases.

Background/aims: This study compared the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD) to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) for the treatment of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis (AOSC).

Methodology: AOSC patients were assigned to undergo either ENBD (n=22) or PTBD(n=15).

Results: In the ENBD group, the procedure was successfully completed in 19 patients (86.