EndoClotSIS Polysaccharide Injection as a Submucosal Fluid Cushion for Endoscopic Mucosal Therapies: Results of Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies.

Background: There are many studies on submucosal injection materials, but their clinical use is restricted for various reasons. The objective of this study was to compare the feasibility and safety of injected EndoClotSIS polysaccharide as a submucosal injection material (SFC) in ESD in the pig stomach to that of injected sigMAVisc™ or Eleview™.

Methods: Four pig stomachs were used for the ex vivo study.

Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in clopidogrel-induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells.

Background: The widespread use of clopidogrel alone or in combination with aspirin may result in gastrointestinal mucosal injury, clinically represented as recurrent ulceration and bleeding complications. Our recent work suggested that clopidogrel significantly induced human gastric epithelial cell (GES-1) apoptosis and disrupted gastric mucosal barrier, and that a p38 MAPK inhibitor could attenuate such injury. However, their exact mechanisms are largely unknown.