The Etiology of Rapidly Progressive Dementia: A 3-Year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Hospital in China.

Background: Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD), characterized by a rapid cognitive decline leading to dementia, comprises a diverse range of disorders. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, research on RPD primarily focuses on Western populations.

Objective: This study aims to explore the etiology and demographics of RPD in Chinese patients.

Incremental value of amyloid PET in a tertiary memory clinic setting in China.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to investigate the incremental value of amyloid positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) in a tertiary memory clinic setting in China.

Methods: A total of 1073 patients were offered Aβ-PET using F-florbetapir. The neurologists determined a suspected etiology (Alzheimer's disease [AD] or non-AD) with a percentage estimate of their confidence and medication prescription both before and after receiving the Aβ-PET results.

Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis.

Background: Pharmacological treatments are very common to be used for alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia. However, decision on drug selection is still a matter of controversy.

Aims: To summarise the comparative efficacy and acceptability of currently available monotherapy drug regimens for reducing NPS in dementia.

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Alzheimer Disease Continuum: Relationship to Other Biomarkers, Differential Diagnosis, and Prediction of Clinical Progression.

Background: Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has emerged as a promising biomarker in neurological disorders, but further evidence is required in relation to its usefulness for diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods: Plasma GFAP was measured in participants with AD, non-AD neurodegenerative disorders, and controls. Its diagnostic and predictive value were analyzed alone or combined with other indicators.

Muyocoxanthones O-S: Undescribed xanthones with antioxidative damage bioactivity to cardiomyocytes from the endophytic fungus Muyocopron laterale.

The metabolites from the endophytic fungus Muyocopron laterale hosted in the medicinal plant Tylophora ovata were investigated, and five undescribed xanthones, muyocoxanthones O-S, along with seven known compounds were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and ECD calculations. Compounds were evaluated for their anti-cardiomyocyte oxidative damage activity using a model of oxidative damage induced by cell hypoxia incubation.

Genome-wide association study of brain tau deposition as measured by F-flortaucipir positron emission tomography imaging.

The related genetic variants of tau deposition, a seminal pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, remain poorly understood. We sought to perform a genome-wide association study of brain tau load as measured by AV1451 positron emission tomography (PET). Among 543 non-demented European individuals, novel associations with higher tau were identified for rs56298435 (p = 8.

Serum Uric Acid Levels in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Excessive oxidative stress may contribute to neurodegeneration by leading to protein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Uric acid (UA) is an important endogenous antioxidant that protects against oxidative stress, yet its exact role in neurodegeneration remains unclear.

Objective: To explore the performance of serum UA in neurodegenerative disorders.

Undescribed meleagrin alkaloids from the endophytic fungus Penicillium commune.

Six undescribed meleagrin analogues, isomeleagrin, meleagrin F, meleagrin G, methylmeleagrin G, isomethylmeleagrin G and meleagrin H, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium commune, which was obtained from the fresh leaves of a toxic medicinal plant, Tylophora ovata. The structures of these analogues were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic data analysis, and their absolute configurations were characterized by calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Structurally, meleagrin F features an undescribed skeleton with an aniline moiety, which is linked to meleagrin through a C-C bond at C8-C26.

Two sydowic acid derivatives and a sulfonyl metabolite from the endophytic fungus .

Two new sydowic acid derivatives, a pair of enantiomers, involving (+)-sydowiccal () and (-)-sydowiccal (), a new sulfonyl metabolite of 2-methoxy-5-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)phenol (), as well as three known sydowic acid derivatives, were isolated from , an endophytic fungus of . The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by analyzing their NMR and HRESIMS data, and the absolute configurations of enantiomers were determined on the basis of the CD spectrum. Three new metabolites showed weak anti-inflammation on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.

Investigating Causal Relations Between Circulating Metabolites and Alzheimer's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Metabolomics is a promising approach that can be used to understand pathophysiological pathways of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal relationships between metabolism and AD are poorly understood.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the causal association between circulating metabolites and risk of AD through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Pharmacological treatments for psychotic symptoms in dementia: A systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis.

Psychotic symptoms of dementia are highly prevalent and lead to poor medical outcomes and substantial dysfunction. To date, which drug to use remains controversial without a summary of all direct or indirect comparisons of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis to examine efficacy and tolerability outcomes of pharmacological treatments in dementia patients.

Very Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in the Third Decade of Life with de novo PSEN1 Mutations.

Mutations in Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) have been found to be associated with very early onset Alzheimer's disease (VEOAD). Here, we reported two patients with VEOAD caused by de novo PSEN1 mutations. A 33-year-old man with a de novo p.

Mild behavioral impairment correlates of cognitive impairments in older adults without dementia: mediation by amyloid pathology.

The relationship between mild behavioral impairment (MBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is intricate and still not well investigated. The purpose of the study is to examine the roles of the AD imaging pathologies in modulating the associations of MBI with cognitive impairments. We analyzed 1129 participants (563 [49.

A Novel ITM2B Mutation Associated with Familial Chinese Dementia.

Mutations in ITM2B have been found to be associated with familial Danish dementia (FDD) and familial British dementia (FBD). Here, we describe a patient with dementia caused by a novel ITM2B p.*267Leuext*11 mutation.

Social Isolation, Social Interaction, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Social isolation and social interaction have been suggested to be associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, the causality cannot be unambiguously assessed as traditional epidemiological methods are easily subject to unmeasured confounders and potential bias.

Objective: To examine bidirectional relationships between social isolation, social interaction, and Alzheimer's disease using Mendelian randomization method for assessing potential causal inference.

Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia are a common issue in dementia patients which can lead to poor medical and functional outcomes. Pharmacological interventions are its treatment of choice. However, whether to use pharmacological treatments in this population and which drug should be preferred remain controversial.

Associations of Subsyndromal Symptomatic Depression with Cognitive Decline and Brain Atrophy in Elderly Individuals without Dementia: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) is prevalent in older adults. However, it remains unclear whether there are effects of SSD on brain aging outcomes (cognition and brain structures), especially in the presence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology.

Methods: A total of 1,188 adults without dementia were recruited from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.

A novel de novo RNF216 mutation associated with autosomal recessive Huntington-like disorder.

Mutations in RNF216 have been found to be associated with autosomal recessive Huntington-like disorder. Here, we describe a patient with Huntington-like disorder caused by a novel de novo RNF216 mutation. The patient started to have choreatic movements of both hands, slowly progressing to head, face, and four extremities, with prominent cognitive deterioration.