Sex determination by ultrasonography prior to artificial breeding of the pufferfish Arothron manilensis (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae).

Artificial breeding was induced in the pufferfish Arothron manilensis following ultrasonographic sex determination. Hormonal treatment of mature male and female specimens followed the collection (and measurement) of fully developed eggs by cannulation. Fertilized eggs (0.

Tandem spawning and development in the African freshwater pufferfish Tetraodon schoutedeni.

To advance breeding techniques for the African freshwater pufferfish Tetraodon schoutedeni and observe tandem spawning closely, we monitored the reproduction of captive individuals. Eight spawning sessions (stable water temperature 24-25°C; daily light period 07:00-19:00) occurred between May 2016 and November 2017. After 65-150 min of tandem swimming (the male biting and clinging to the female's abdomen), 3-50 spherical, weakly adhesive eggs were spawned, being scattered onto the sandy substrate or water plants.