Draft Genome Sequence of a Bioflocculant-Producing Bacterium, Citrobacter freundii IFO 13545.

Here, we report the 5.2-Mb genome sequence of a bioflocculant-producing bacterial strain, IFO 13545, which consists of 5,209,670 bp with a G+C content of 51.5% and 4,853 predicted coding sequences (CDSs).

Biosynthetic Pathway and Genes of Chitin/Chitosan-Like Bioflocculant in the Genus Citrobacter.

Chitin/chitosan, one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature, is industrially produced as a powder or flake form from the exoskeletons of crustaceans such as crabs and shrimps. Intriguingly, many bacterial strains in the genus secrete a soluble chitin/chitosan-like polysaccharide into the culture medium during growth in acetate. Because this polysaccharide shows strong flocculation activity for suspended solids in water, it can be used as a bioflocculant (BF).

Modulation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Expression by Interferon-γ in Human Keratinocytes.

Infection of microbial pathogen triggers the innate immune system, and the induction of interferons (IFNs) play a vital role in host antiviral response. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was identified as a crucial regulator of the DNA sensing pathway, and activates both nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 transcription pathways to evoke IFNs production. In this study, we studied the upregulation of STING mRNA expression, induced by IFN-γ in human keratinocytes (HaCaT).

Genome sequencing, annotation of Citrobacter freundii strain GTC 09479.

We report the 4.9-Mb genome sequence of Citrobacter freundii strain GTC 09479, isolated from urine sample collected during the year 1983 at Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. This draft genome consist of 4,899,578 bp with 51.

Change in the Mechanical Energy of the Body Center of Mass in Hemiplegic Gait after Continuous Use of a Plantar Flexion Resistive Ankle-foot Orthosis.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in mechanical energy due to continuous use of a plantar flexion resistive ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) of subjects with chronic hemiplegia. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 5 hemiplegic patients using AFOs without a plantar flexion resistive function in their daily lives. We analyzed the gait of the subjects using a 3D motion capture system under three conditions: patients' use of their own AFOs; after being fitted with a plantar flexion resistive AFO; and after continuous use of the device.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Type Species of the Genus Citrobacter, Citrobacter freundii MTCC 1658.

We report the 5.0-Mb genome sequence of the type species of the genus Citrobacter, Citrobacter freundii strain MTCC 1658, isolated from canal water. This draft genome sequence of C.

Distribution of chitin/chitosan-like bioflocculant-producing potential in the genus Citrobacter.

Some strains belonging to the genera Citrobacter and Enterobacter have been reported to produce chitin/chitosan-like bioflocculants (BFs) from acetate. In this study, to investigate the distribution of the BF-producing potential in the genus Citrobacter and to screen stably and highly BF-producing strains, we obtained 36 Citrobacter strains from different culture collection centers, which were distributed among seven species in the genus, and tested for the flocculating activities of their culture supernatants using a kaolin suspension method. As a result, 21 strains belonging to C.

Characterization of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) expression corresponding to viral infection and UVB in human keratinocytes.

Background: Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a cytoplasmic protein that recognizes viral double-stranded RNA to induce the type I interferon (IFN) response. In human keratinocytes, RIG-I is induced by IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation, and is abundantly expressed in psoriatic keratinocytes of the spinous and basal layers.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of extraneous stimuli including viral infection and UVB exposure on RIG-I expression in human keratinocytes.

Localized pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp disease) in early childhood.

Localized pagetoid reticulosis, also known as Woringer-Kolopp disease, is an uncommon cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder classified as a solitary variant of mycosis fungoides. We describe a case of localized pagetoid reticulosis that occurred in early childhood. A 6-year-old boy presented with an erythematous plaque on the left thigh.

Cytokine modulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) expression in human epidermal keratinocytes.

Background: Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a member of the DExH/D box family proteins and designated as a putative RNA helicase, which plays various roles in gene expression and cellular functions in response to a variety of RNA viruses.

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on RIG-I expression in human keratinocytes, and the expression of RIG-I in skin lesions of psoriasis vulgaris, in which IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha are considered to be involved in its pathogenesis.

Methods: The mRNA and protein expression of RIG-I was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.