Oral Inflammation and Microbiome Dysbiosis Exacerbate Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease.

The oral microbiota, second in abundance to the gut, is implicated in chronic systemic diseases, but its specific role in GVHD pathogenesis has been unclear. Our study finds that mucositis-induced oral dysbiosis in patients post-hematopoietic cell transplantation associated with increased chronic GVHD (cGVHD) even in patients receiving post-transplant cyclophosphamide. In murine HCT models, oral dysbiosis caused by bilateral molar ligatures exacerbated cGVHD and increased bacterial load in the oral cavity and gut with Enterococcaceae significantly increasing in both organs.

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of high-level daptomycin-resistant Corynebacterium species: A systematic scoping review.

Introduction: Corynebacterium species potentially develop high-level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) shortly after daptomycin (DAP) administration. We aimed to investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of HLDR Corynebacterium infections.

Methods: We first presented a clinical case accompanied by the results of a comprehensive genetic analysis of the isolate, and then performed a systematic scoping review.

New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors: A Systematic Scoping Review.

: Among various carbapenemases, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases (NDMs) are recognized as the most powerful type capable of hydrolyzing all beta-lactam antibiotics, often conferring multi-drug resistance to the microorganism. The objective of this review is to synthesize current scientific data on NDM inhibitors to facilitate the development of future therapeutics for challenging-to-treat pathogens. : Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews, we conducted a MEDLINE search for articles with relevant keywords from the beginning of 2009 to December 2022.

Cefazolin inoculum effect in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.

We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of Cefazolin inoculum effect (CInE) among clinical MSSA isolates in Japan. Although 35.5 % (39 isolates) were positive for the blaZ gene, none met the phenotypic criteria for CInE.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease on Distinct Microbial Communities at the Bacterial Phylum Level.

Introduction: Limited data are available on the correlation between microbial communities and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of MAFLD on diverse microbial communities.

Methods: We recruited 43 patients with a nonviral liver disease.

Impact of liver fibrosis on the relative abundance of a urease-positive Streptococcus salivarius group from saliva in patients with chronic liver disease.

Aim: We performed genomic analysis to study the relative abundance of a urease-positive Streptococcus salivarius group isolated from the saliva of patients with chronic liver disease.

Methods: Male and female patients with chronic liver disease aged over 20 years were included. First, we assessed the frequency and type of the S.

Prevalence of Inducible Macrolide, Lincosamide, and Streptogramin B (inducible MLSB) Resistance in Clindamycin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus at Okayama University Hospital.

Inducible resistance to the macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (iMLSB) antibiotic family is a latent mechanism for antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. We here investigated the frequency and genotypic profiles of iMLSB resistance in clindamycin (CLDM)-susceptible S. aureus isolated in Okayama University Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021.

Effects of and Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria Coculture on Cells.

infection is an important risk factor for developing gastric cancer. However, only a few -infected people develop gastric cancer. Thus, other risk factors aside from infection may be involved in gastric cancer development.

RNA Editing is a Valuable Biomarker for Predicting Carcinogenesis in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background And Aims: Ulcerative colitis [UC] can lead to colitis-associated colorectal neoplasm [CAN]. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, which is regulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA [ADAR], induces the post-transcriptional modification of critical oncogenes, including antizyme inhibitor 1 [AZIN1], leading to colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that ADAR1 might be involved in the development of CAN in UC.

Detection of Enterobacter cloacae complex strain with a bla-harboring plasmid from an elderly resident at a long-term care facility in Okayama, Japan.

Amidst the global spread of antimicrobial resistance, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-type carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) remain uncommon in Japan, and the detection of such highly drug-resistant organisms is limited to inbound cases. There is little evidence regarding the prevalence of NDM β-lactamase gene (bla)-harboring CPE in the domestic community, especially in the provincial cities of Japan. Herein, we report the isolation of a bla-harboring plasmid in Enterobacter cloacae complex strain isolated from an elderly woman without a history of traveling abroad who had resided in a long-term care facility in Okayama, Japan.

Phylogenic analysis of new viral cluster of large phages with unusual DNA genomes containing uracil in place of thymine in gene-sharing network, using phages S6 and PBS1 and relevant uncultured phages derived from sewage metagenomics.

Bacteriophages (phages) are the most diverse and abundant life-form on Earth. Jumbophages are phages with double-stranded DNA genomes longer than 200 kbp. Among these, some jumbophages with uracil in place of thymine as a nucleic acid base, which we have tentatively termed "dU jumbophages" in this study, have been reported.

Fecal microbiota transplantation as therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection is associated with amelioration of delirium and accompanied by changes in fecal microbiota and the metabolome.

Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) is a frustrating condition that may affect a person's quality of life for months. Microbiome-based therapy such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been effective for the treatment of rCDI by correcting the imbalance of the gut microbiota. Appropriate antibiotic treatment is recommended for at least two recurrences before offering FMT.

Detection of in-frame mutation by IS30-family insertion sequence in the phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol synthase gene (pgsA2) of high-level daptomycin-resistant Corynebacterium striatum.

The emergence of high-level daptomycin (DAP)-resistant (HLDR) Corynebacterium striatum has been reported as a result of loss-of-function point mutations or premature stop codon mutations in a responsible gene, pgsA2. We herein describe the novel detection of an HLDR C. striatum clinical isolate, in which IS30-insertion was corroborated to cause destruction of pgsA2 gene.

effectiveness of biapenem against IMP-producing .

The options available for treating infections with carbapenemase-producing (CPE) are limited; with the increasing threat of these infections, new treatments are urgently needed. Biapenem (BIPM) is a carbapenem, and limited data confirming its killing effect against CPE are available. In this study, we examined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of BIPM for 14 IMP-1-producing strains isolated from the Okayama region in Japan.

Serodiagnosis and Bacterial Genome of Infection.

The infection caused by is associated with several diseases, including gastric cancer. Several methods for the diagnosis of infection exist, including endoscopy, the urea breath test, and the fecal antigen test, which is the serum antibody titer test that is often used since it is a simple and highly sensitive test. In this context, this study aims to find the association between different antibody reactivities and the organization of bacterial genomes.

Antibacterial Effects of Disulfiram in .

Background: infection poses a risk of the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastric cancer. Its incidence rate is significantly reduced by eradication, and thereby, eradication therapy is generally performed. Disulfiram is an oral prescription drug mainly used for the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Enhancement of intestinal epithelial barrier function by Weissella confusa F213 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus FBB81 probiotic candidates in an in vitro model of hydrogen peroxide-induced inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: Weissella confusa F213 (WCF213) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus FBB81 (LrFBB81) are two probiotic candidates isolated from humans in our previous study. Their functional activity on the mucosal barrier has not yet been adequately investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of these strains on maintaining mucosal integrity in vitro.

Analysis of a plasmid encoding botulinum neurotoxin type G gene in Clostridium argentinense.

Clostridium argentinense produces botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G). We sequenced and analyzed the plasmid harboring the bont/G gene, designated pCAG, in C. argentinense strain 2740.

Septic pulmonary emboli caused by Tsukamurella inchonensis: A case report.

The genus Tsukamurella is a fastidious, environmental organism that potentially causes various infections in humans. Due to the morphological and biochemical similarities to others pathogens, such as Gordona, Rhodococcus, Corynebacterium, Nocardia, and Mycobacterium, a molecular-based approach is indispensable to correctly identify them. Herein, we describe a case of Tsukamurella inchonensis bacteremia complicated with septic pulmonary emboli (SPE), which is the first in the literature.