Initial evaluation of a novel electrocardiography sensor-embedded fabric wear during a full marathon.

Sudden cardiac accident (SCA) during a marathon is a concern due to the popularity of the sport. Preventive strategies, such as cardiac screening and deployment of automated external defibrillators have controversial cost-effectiveness. We investigated the feasibility of use of a new electrocardiography (ECG) sensor-embedded fabric wear (SFW) during a marathon as a novel preventive strategy against SCA.

SLUG is upregulated and induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma.

SLUG, encoded by the Snai2 gene, is known to play a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to cell invasion and metastasis in some types of human carcinomas. However, the mechanisms and roles of EMT in canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have not yet been elucidated. We have previously established canine oral SCC cell lines, including tonsillar SCC, and in this study, we evaluated the effects of SLUG on the phenotypes regarding EMT of canine SCC cells.

Nucleolin is a receptor for maleylated-bovine serum albumin on macrophages.

Scavenger receptors have a broad range of functions that include pathogen clearance, and identification of the scavenger receptor family has been of great benefit to the field of physiology. The shuttling-protein nucleolin has recently been shown to possess scavenger receptor-like activity. We therefore investigated whether or not nucleolin is a receptor for maleylated-bovine serum albumin (maleylated-BSA), which is a common ligand for scavenger receptors.

Macrophage recognition of toxic advanced glycosylation end products through the macrophage surface-receptor nucleolin.

Advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) are non-enzymatically glycosylated proteins that play an important role in several diseases and aging processes, including angiopathy, renal failure, diabetic complications, and some neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, glyceraldehyde (GCA)- and glycolaldehyde (GOA)-derived AGEs are deemed toxic AGEs, due to their cytotoxicity. Recently, the shuttling-protein nucleolin has been shown to possess scavenger receptor-activity.

Shuttling protein nucleolin is a microglia receptor for amyloid beta peptide 1-42.

Amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) plays a key role in the neurotoxicity found in Alzheimer's disease. Mononuclear phagocytes in the brain (microglia), can potentially clear Aβ via phagocytosis. Recently, the shuttling-protein nucleolin has been shown to possess scavenger receptor-activity.

Photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium induces dose-dependent apoptotic cell death in human glioma cell lines.

Objective: To investigate the kinetics of cell death in human glioma cell lines induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the second-generation photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (TS) and a 664-nm diode laser.

Materials And Methods: Three human glioma cell lines (T98G, A172, U251) were studied. After incubation of the cell lines with various concentrations of TS for 4 h, PDT using diode laser irradiation at 33 mW/cm² and 10 J/cm² was performed.

Macrophage recognition of cells with elevated calcium is mediated by carbohydrate chains of CD43.

Macrophages remove deteriorating cells (those undergoing apoptosis and oxidation) via poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl chains on CD43 caps, a major cell-surface glycoprotein. Unusually high intracellular calcium levels are also deteriorating for cells and tissue. Here we artificially elevated calcium levels in cells and examined the mechanism by which this elevation was resolved by macrophages.

Photodynamic therapy in combination with talaporfin sodium induces mitochondrial apoptotic cell death accompanied with necrosis in glioma cells.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces selective cell death of neoplastic tissue and connecting vasculature by combining photosensitizers with light. Here we clarified the types of cell death induced by PDT in combination with the photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (mono-L-aspartyl chlorine e6, NPe6) in order to evaluate the potential of this therapy as a treatment for glioma. PDT with NPe6 (NPe6-PDT) induces dose-dependent cell death in human glioblastoma T98G cells.

Macrophage recognition of thiol-group oxidized cells: recognition of carbohydrate chains by macrophage surface nucleolin as apoptotic cells.

The mechanism was investigated for macrophage recognition of cells oxidized by diamide, a thiol group-specific oxidizing reagent. Jurkat cells exposed to various concentrations of diamide were recognized by macrophages, the cells exposed to 25 µM diamide being best recognized. CD43, a major glycoprotein on the Jurkat cell surface, tended to form clusters upon diamide oxidization, and pretreating Jurkat cells with the anti-CD43 antibody inhibited macrophage binding.

Clearance of CD43-capped cells by macrophages: capping alone leads to phagocytosis.

Apoptotic cells must be recognized early for phagocytosis to ensure that their toxic contents do not damage neighboring cells. In some cases this is achieved via CD43-capped membrane glycoproteins, the sialylpolylactosaminyl chains of which serve as ligands for phagocytosis by macrophages. However, because many additional changes occur during apoptosis, determining exactly which events are responsible for signaling macrophages to initiate phagocytosis remains a challenge.

Nucleolin on the cell surface as a new molecular target for gastric cancer treatment.

Nucleolin is an abundant non-ribosomal protein found in nucleolus and a major component of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR), a histopathological marker of cancer which is highly elevated in cancer cells. We recently reported that nucleolin on the cell surface of mouse gastric cancer cells acts as a receptor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducing protein (Tipalpha), a new carcinogenic factor of Helicobacter pylori. In this study, we first examined the localization of nucleolin on cell surface of five gastric cancer cell lines by cell fractionation and flow cytometry: We found that large amounts of nucleolin were present on surface of MKN-45, KATOIII, MKN-74, and AGS cells, with smaller amounts on surface of MKN-1 cells.

Nucleolin as cell surface receptor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha inducing protein: a carcinogenic factor of Helicobacter pylori.

Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inducing protein (Tipalpha) is a unique carcinogenic factor released from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Tipalpha specifically binds to cells and is incorporated into cytosol and nucleus, where it strongly induces expression of TNF-alpha and chemokine genes mediated through NF-kappaB activation, resulting in tumor development.

Clearance of oxidatively damaged cells by macrophages: recognition of glycoprotein clusters by macrophage-surface nucleolin as early apoptotic cells.

The mechanism of macrophage recognition of oxidatively damaged cells was investigated. Jurkat T cells exposed to various concentrations of H(2)O(2) were bound and phagocytosed by macrophages. The cells exposed to 0.

Clearance of oxidized erythrocytes by macrophages: involvement of caspases in the generation of clearance signal at band 3 glycoprotein.

Human erythrocytes exposed to appropriate concentrations of H(2)O(2) for 1h became susceptible to the binding and phagocytosis by macrophages. The binding was inhibited by anti-band 3 serum and prevented by pretreatment of erythrocytes with a polylactosamine-cleaving enzyme endo-beta-galactosidase, indicating that polylactosaminyl sugar chains of band 3 are recognized by macrophages. The macrophage receptor involved was suggested to be nucleolin, a recently identified macrophage surface protein recognizing sialylpolylactosaminyl-chain clusters on early apoptotic cells, because anti-nucleolin antibody and a soluble form of recombinant nucleolin blocked the recognition.

Plasma KL-6 predicts the development and outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Circulating KL-6 is a specific indicator of pulmonary injury affecting the alveolar epithelium and interstitium. Our preliminary study suggested the usefulness of plasma KL-6 as a marker of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). To confirm the diagnostic value of KL-6 for BPD as well as to determine the reference range, we conducted a larger prospective study in 135 preterm infants <32 wk GA.

A multifunctional shuttling protein nucleolin is a macrophage receptor for apoptotic cells.

Early apoptotic Jurkat T cells undergo capping of CD43, and its polylactosaminyl saccharide chains serve as ligands for phagocytosis by macrophages. This suggests the presence of a polylactosaminoglycan-binding receptor on macrophages. Here we show that this receptor is nucleolin, a multifunctional shuttling protein present in nucleus, cytoplasm, and on the surface of some types of cells.

Retardation of removal of radiation-induced apoptotic cells in developing neural tubes in macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin-1-deficient mouse embryos.

MGL1/CD301a is a C-type lectin that recognizes galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine as monosaccharides and is expressed on limited populations of macrophages and dendritic cells at least in adult mice. In this study, pregnant mice with Mgl1+/- genotype were mated with Mgl1+/- or Mgl1-/- genotype males, and the embryos were used to assess a hypothesis that this molecule plays an important role in the clearance of apoptotic cells. After X-ray irradiation at 1 Gy of developing embryos at 10.

Regulation of apoptosis by glutathione redox state in PC12 cells exposed simultaneously to iron and ascorbic acid.

We previously reported that the levels of non-protein-bound iron (NPBI) and ascorbic acid (AA) are markedly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants with perinatal asphyxia. The present study showed that FeSO4 and AA synergistically induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, which was prevented by alpha-tocopherol and glutathione (GSH) ethyl ester. Markers of free radical damage, such as ortho-tyrosine, meta-tyrosine, and F(2alpha)-isoprostane, showed a gradual increase.

Identification of apo- and holo-forms of ceruloplasmin in patients with Wilson's disease using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Objectives: To determine the serum ratio of holo-ceruloplasmin to total ceruloplasmin in patients with Wilson's disease (WD), we identified apo- and holo-forms of serum ceruloplasmin with native-PAGE electrophoresis.

Design And Methods: Serum obtained from nine patients with Wilson's disease was subjected to native-PAGE analysis. We also determined the ceruloplasmin level and ferroxidase activity in all of the samples.

Oxidative stress in a rat model of nephrosis can be quantified by electron spin resonance.

The pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome is not clear. In this study, we used electron spin resonance (ESR) to evaluate levels of reactive oxygen species in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis. Twenty-six Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) PAN treated, (2) PAN treated and alpha-tocopherol supplemented, (3) supplemented with alpha-tocopherol only, (4) control.

Wortmannin-enhanced X-ray-induced apoptosis of human T-cell leukemia MOLT-4 cells possibly through the JNK/SAPK pathway.

We demonstrated that enhancement of X-ray-induced apoptosis/rapid cell death by wortmannin accompanied by increased activation of JNK/SAPK in human leukemia MOLT-4 cells. Rapid cell death/apoptosis was determined either by the dye exclusion test or by the appearance of Annexin V-positive cells and cleaved PARP fragments. Enhancement was observed only at higher concentrations of wortmannin, i.

Non-protein-bound transition metals and hydroxyl radical generation in cerebrospinal fluid of newborn infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Among various hypothetical mechanisms for the in vivo production of reactive oxygen species, transition metal-catalyzed reactions in cooperation with a biologic reducing agent like ascorbic acid or superoxide may be some of the most important. In the present study, we retrospectively examined the existence of non-protein-bound metal ions, an essentially hazardous pro-oxidant form of various transition metals, and the occurrence of metal-catalyzed reactive oxygen species production in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 10 infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) subsequent to perinatal asphyxia and 12 control infants within 72 h of birth. Non-protein-bound iron was detected in eight out of 10 CSF samples from the HIE infants and its level was significantly correlated with Sarnat's clinical stage, whereas none of the control infants had detectable non-protein-bound iron levels.