An EEG study of neurophysiological markers of cognitive reserve.

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a property of the brain trait that allows for better–than–expected cognitive performance, relative to the degree of brain change over the life course. However, the neurophysiological markers of CR require further investigation. Electroencephalography (EEG) may provide an appropriate neurophysiological marker of CR.

Dietary variety and the relationship between polypharmacy and incident disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: This study examined the association between polypharmacy and incident disability across the dietary variety score (DVS) strata among community-dwelling older adults.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study with community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 in Aichi, Japan.

Main Outcome Measures: Polypharmacy was defined as ≥5 concomitant prescription drugs per day.

Community-based going-out program and dementia onset in Japanese older adults: A longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: With dementia prevalence rising globally among older adults, effective and scalable community-based interventions are urgently needed to reduce dementia onset. This study aimed to estimate the association of the going-out program with dementia onset in older adults.

Methods: A 5-year longitudinal observational study was employed.

Engagement in the community-based going-out programs and the association with physical frailty assessed by the Kihon Checklist: A cohort study.

Introduction: In efforts to address the public health concern of physical frailty prevention, community-based programs without supervision are anticipated, yet efficacy has not been shown. We aimed to investigate the association of engaging in an unsupervised, community-based going-out program on the incidence of physical frailty among older adults.

Methods: A cohort observational study was employed.

Efficacy of endovascular therapy in short-term two-stage operation for thrombosed giant cerebral aneurysm.

Background: Giant cerebral aneurysms have a high rupture rate, are often difficult to treat, and have a poor prognosis. We report two cases in which good results were achieved with a short, two-stage operation using a combination of endovascular treatment (EVT) and direct surgery.

Case Description: Case 1 - A 50-year-old man had become immobile due to truncal ataxia after nausea.

Detection of neurophysiological markers of cognitive reserve: an EEG study.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a property of the brain that allows for better-than-expected cognitive performance relative to the degree of brain change over the course of life. However, neurophysiological markers of CR remain under-investigated. Electroencephalography (EEG) features may function as suitable neurophysiological markers of CR.

Subjective memory concerns and car collisions: A cross-sectional cohort study among older Japanese drivers.

Background: A previous study suggested older drivers with subjective memory concerns (SMC) had increased odds of experiencing car collisions, but whether SMC in different contexts and the number of SMC applicable items change this association is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between SMC and car collisions among older drivers in Japan.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a Japanese community-based cohort study.

Impact of fat to muscle ratio with risk of disability on community-dwelling Japanese older adults: A 5-year longitudinal study.

Purpose: Sarcopenic obesity is a combination of sarcopenia and obesity, which is associated with the onset of disability. Fat to muscle ratio (FMR) is a screening measure that assesses the ratio of muscle mass to fat mass. However, the relationship between the FMR and disability has not been investigated.

Diversity in productive activities enhances life satisfaction among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Few studies have reported an association between diversity in productive activities and life satisfaction; hence, this cross-sectional study conducted in Japan aimed to clarify this association. We assessed the life satisfaction of 4,498 Japanese community-dwelling older adults engaged in productive activities (e.g.

Association between Hearing Aid Use and Cognitive Function in Persons with Hearing Impairment Stratified by Cardiovascular Risk.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of the association between hearing aid use and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults with hearing impairment, stratified by cardiovascular risk level. This cross-sectional study covers 1857 hearing-impaired individuals selected among 10,674 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years of age) in Japan. We investigate the association between hearing aid use and cognitive decline stratified by cardiovascular risk level, by assessing self-reported hearing impairment and hearing aid use, absolute cardiovascular risk, cognitive function, and potential confounding factors.

Association between perceived value of adopting new behaviors and incident disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults.

Objectives: This longitudinal observational cohort study aimed to clarify the relationship between perceived value (PV) to adopt new behaviors and incident disability in community-dwelling older adults.

Method: Participants were 5073 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Japan (M = 74.0 ± 5.

Social participation in the neighborhood community prevents onset of disability in community-dwelling older adults whose life space with activities is limited: A 2-year prospective cohort study.

Aims: For older adults with limited life space and activity, social participation in the neighborhood community is essential to ensure social interaction and activity levels. This study examined the association between social participation in the neighborhood community and the onset of disability in older adults with different life spaces and activities.

Methods: The participants were 9513 older adults from a cohort study conducted at the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS).

Estimating the Effect of Engagement in Community-Based Going-Out Program on Incidence Disability in Older Adults.

Objectives: Although going out has been reported to be associated with the incidence of disability, few studies have investigated the effect of community-based programs to promote going out on the incidence of disability. This study aimed to estimate the effects of a program fostering going-out on the incidence of disability in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Longitudinal, observational study.

Environmental DNA unveils deep phylogeographic structure of a freshwater fish.

Phylogeography bears an important part in ecology and evolution. However, current phylogeographic studies are largely constrained by limited numbers of individual samples. Using an environmental DNA (eDNA) assay for phylogeographic analyses, this study provides detailed information regarding the history of Siberian stone loach Barbatula toni, a primary freshwater fish across the whole range of Hokkaido, Japan.

Association between the perceived value of adopting new behaviors and depressive symptoms among older adults.

Early preventive measures against depression have become important with unprecedented global aging. Increase in one's perceived value (PV) may correspond to better mental health outcomes. This cross-sectional observation study aimed to clarify whether the PV of adopting new behaviors is associated with depressive symptoms.

Association of objectively measured physical activity with incidence disability in older adults with/without social isolation.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate association between objectively measured physical activities with incidence disability in older adults with and without social isolation.

Methods: This 5-year longitudinal observational study used a population-based study from a sub-cohort of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndrome. In Japan, Incident disability is defined as a new case of public insurance certification for long-term care.

Lifetime Physical Activity and Late-Life Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: Regular physical activity throughout life is generally recommended to prevent dementia; however, there is little evidence regarding the association between lifetime physical activity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which often precedes dementia. This study aimed to examine the association of lifetime physical activity and their transitions with late-life MCI.

Design: A population-based case-control study.

Neurophysiological markers in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment: an EEG study.

Background: Neurodegeneration and structural changes in the brain due to amyloid deposition have been observed even in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). EEG measurement is considered an effective tool because it is noninvasive, has few restrictions on the measurement environment, and is simple and easy to use. In this study, we investigated the neurophysiological characteristics of community-dwelling older adults with MCI using EEG.

Social isolation and risk of disability in older adults: Effect modification of metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: Delaying the onset of disabilities is a social challenge, especially in an aging society. Social isolation (SI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) can coexist and pose the risks of disability onset. However, their interaction is not proven in older adults.

Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Traffic Incidents in Older Drivers in Japan.

Importance: To prevent motor vehicle collisions by older drivers, the increased risk of collisions should be considered early. Cognitive decline increases the risk of car collisions. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), characterized by the presence of cognitive concerns and slow gait, can be assessed conveniently and is useful to assess the risk of dementia.

Difference in employment status and onset of disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: This prospective cohort study investigates the relationship between the onset of disability and employment status.

Methods: We investigated 3,741 community-dwelling adults aged 70 or older, who participated in a population-based cohort study in Japan. Their onset of disability was monitored monthly using the long-term care insurance certification registration system, for five years from baseline.

Reciprocal relationship between physical and social frailty among community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: Both physical and social frailty are risk factors for major adverse health-related outcomes and influence each other. However, the longitudinal causal relationship between physical and social frailty has not been clarified. This study aimed to determine the reciprocal relationship between physical and social frailty by age group.

Sarcopenic Obesity and Risk of Disability in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study.

Objectives: Previous studies have indicated that sarcopenic obesity is a risk factor for disability onset. However, these studies had disparities in terms of criteria for sarcopenia, study design, or study population. No longitudinal study has investigated the effect of sarcopenic obesity on disability onset in an Asian population using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria for sarcopenia definition.

Association of Loneliness With the Incidence of Disability in Older Adults With Hearing Impairment in Japan.

Importance: Loneliness is suggested to negatively affect physical and mental health and influence the development of disability; however, a consensus on the relationship between loneliness and disability has not been reached. Age-related hearing impairment worsens the daily-life activities of older adults, and the association between loneliness and the incidence of disability may be influenced by hearing impairment.

Objective: To examine the association between loneliness and the incidence of disability among older adults stratified by hearing impairment.

Association of sarcopenia and systolic blood pressure with mortality: A 5-year longitudinal study.

Purpose: Whether the combination of sarcopenia and systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes the risk of all-cause mortality is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between sarcopenia and SBP in community-dwelling older adults and determine whether this association changes the mortality risk.

Methods: Older adults aged ≥65 years participated in the baseline assessment.