Comparison of the Effects of Timolol, Brinzolamide, Brimonidine and Netarsudil in a Rabbit Model of Water Loading-Induced Ocular Hypertension.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects of timolol (a β-blocker), brinzolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), brimonidine (an α2-agonist) and netarsudil (a rho kinase inhibitor) in rabbits.

Methods: The experiments were performed on 52 female New Zealand white rabbits. The IOP was measured in normotensive rabbits and in water loading-induced ocular hypertension model rabbits.

Rubicon regulates A2E-induced autophagy impairment in the retinal pigment epithelium implicated in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration.

Waste product deposition and light stress in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of various retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss in elderly individuals worldwide. Given that autophagy in the RPE suppresses waste accumulation, determining the molecular mechanism by which autophagy is compromised in degeneration is necessary. Using polarized human RPE sheets, we found that bis-retinoid N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E), a major toxic fluorophore of lipofuscin, causes significant impairment of autophagy and the simultaneous upregulation of Rubicon, a negative regulator of autophagy.

Rebamipide protects against glaucoma eyedrop-induced ocular surface disorders in rabbits.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if rebamipide eyedrops can improve ocular surface damage caused by the use of glaucoma eyedrops.

Methods: Female Kbl:Dutch rabbits were used to evaluate glaucoma eyedrop-induced ocular surface damage; one eye of each rabbit was untreated and the other was administered glaucoma eyedrops for 30 days. To evaluate the effects of rebamipide on ocular surface damage, one eye of each rabbit was administered vehicle-treated glaucoma eyedrops and the other was administered rebamipide-treated glaucoma eyedrops for 30 days.

Intra-oral administration of rebamipide liquid prevents tongue injuries induced by X-ray irradiation in rats.

Purpose: Oral mucositis is a common and serious side effect in patients who undergo cytotoxic cancer therapies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of rebamipide on radiation-induced glossitis model in rats.

Methods: Glossitis was induced by a single dose of 15 Gy of X-rays to the snouts of rats (day 0).

Rebamipide does not interfere with the antitumor effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy in human oral tumor-bearing nude mice.

Recent studies have shown that rebamipide, which suppresses reactive oxygen species, prevents chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancers. However, anticancer action of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is believed to be partially associated with generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to determine whether rebamipide interferes with the antitumor action of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Rebamipide protects small intestinal mucosal injuries caused by indomethacin by modulating intestinal microbiota and the gene expression in intestinal mucosa in a rat model.

The effect of rebamipide, a mucosal protective drug, on small intestinal mucosal injury caused by indomethacin was examined using a rat model. Indomethacin administration (10 mg/kg, p.o.

Novel submicronized rebamipide liquid with moderate viscosity: significant effects on oral mucositis in animal models.

This study aimed at developing a novel rebamipide liquid for an effective treatment of oral mucositis. The healing effects of a variety of liquids comprising submicronized rebamipide crystals were investigated using a rat cauterization-induced oral ulcer model. Whereas 2% rebamipide liquid comprising micro-crystals did not exhibit significant curative effect, 2% rebamipide liquids comprising submicronized crystals with moderate viscosities exhibited healing effects following intra-oral administration.

Establishment of an X-ray irradiation-induced glossitis model in rats: biphasic elevation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

Oral mucositis is a frequent and serious side effect in patients who receive radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study was to develop a noninvasive and quantitative model of oral mucositis in rats, investigate the pathophysiology, and evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological interventions. Rats received a single dose of 15 Gy of X-rays to the snout after shielding of the remainder of the rat body with lead plates to protect the body from irradiation (day 0).

Rebamipide reduces recurrence of experimental gastric ulcers: role of free radicals and neutrophils.

Mucosal inflammation is a crucial factor for the recurrence of peptic ulcer. In this study, we examined the effect of rebamipide on neutrophils infiltration, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidative enzyme activities in the recurrence of experimental gastric ulcer. Ulcer recurrence was examined at 60, 100, and 140 days after production of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats.

Mechanism of hydroxyl radical scavenging by rebamipide: identification of mono-hydroxylated rebamipide as a major reaction product.

Rebamipide, an antiulcer agent, is known as a potent hydroxyl radical (*OH) scavenger. In the present study, we further characterized the scavenging effect of rebamipide against *OH generated by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and identified the reaction products to elucidate the mechanism of the reaction. Scavenging effect of rebamipide was accessed by ESR using DMPO as a *OH-trapping agent after UVB exposure (305 nm) to H2O2 for 1 min in the presence of rebamipide.

Effects of OPC-6535 on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in the rat: involvement of superoxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from hepatic macrophages.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of OPC-6535 on Propionibacterium acnes-primed and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in the rat.

Methods: P. acnes was administered intravenously to the rat at 16 mg/kg 7 days before the experiments.

Mechanism of superoxide anion production by hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells during short-term ethanol perfusion in the rat.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to clarify the candidate cells for and the mechanism of superoxide anion (O2*-) release into the hepatic sinusoids during short-term exposure to ethanol.

Methods: The rat liver was perfused continuously with ethanol (a substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase) or tert-buthanol (not a substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase) for 20 min at a final concentration of 40 mM. In order to detect O2*- production, MCLA (2-methyl-6-[p-methoxyphenyl]-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one), a Cypridina luciferin analogue, was simultaneously infused and MCLA-enhanced chemiluminescence was measured.