LC-MS identification, isolation, and structural elucidation of anti-HIV macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters from Edgeworthia chrysantha.

The occurrence of macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters (MDOs) with a 1-alkyl group originating from a C aliphatic chain is extremely limited in the plant kingdom and has only been isolated from Edgeworthia chrysantha. In the present study, LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed on different parts of E. chrysantha, including flower buds, flowers, leaves, and stems, and resulted in the identification of seven MDOs in all the four plant parts, including two previously unreported compounds 1 and 7.

LC-MS Profiling of Kakkonto and Identification of Ephedrine as a Key Component for Its Anti-Glycation Activity.

A total of 147 oral Kampo prescriptions, which are used clinically in Japan, were evaluated for their anti-glycation activity. Kakkonto demonstrated significant anti-glycation activity, prompting further analysis of its chemical constituents using LC-MS, which revealed the presence of two alkaloids, fourteen flavonoids, two but-2-enolides, five monoterpenoids, and four triterpenoid glycosides. To identify the components responsible for its anti-glycation activity, the Kakkonto extract was reacted with glyceraldehyde (GA) or methylglyoxal (MGO) and analyzed using LC-MS.

Anti-HIV Macrocyclic Daphnane Orthoesters with an Unusual Macrocyclic Ring from .

Edgeworthianins A-E (-) were isolated from as a class of macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters with an unusual macrocyclic ring formed from a C14 aliphatic chain. Their structures were elucidated by extensive physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. Compounds , , and exhibited potent anti-HIV activity against HIV-1 infection of MT4 cells with EC values of 29.

A feruloylated acylglycerol isolated from Wikstroemia pilosa and its distribution in ten plants of Wikstroemia species.

Feruloylated acylglycerols (FAGs) have recently garnered a lot of interest as water-oil-miscible ferulic acid derivatives. A novel FAG derivate, 1-feruloyl-3-hexadecanoylglycerol (1), was isolated from Wikstroemia pilosa and its structure was elucidated from extensive physiochemical and spectroscopic analysis. Since the limited distribution of FAGs in plant species has been reported, a high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) LC-MS quantitative analysis was carried out to determine the contents of 1 in ten plants of Wikstroemia species.

LC-MS Identification, Isolation, and Structural Elucidation of Anti-HIV Tigliane Diterpenoids from .

Structurally diverse tigliane diterpenoids have drawn significant research interest for drug discovery over many decades. Using LC-MS-guided fractionation and separation, the first phytochemical investigation on led to the isolation of eight tiglianes (-), including two new compounds, wikstrocin D () and wikstrocin E (). The new structures were elucidated based on extensive physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses.

Cytotoxic steroidal glycosides from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce.

Twenty-five steroidal glycosides including eight undescribed compounds which were named as polygonatumosides H-O, were isolated from the 70 % EtOH extract of rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (Asparagaceae). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods.

Identification of anti-HIV macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters from Wikstroemia ligustrina by LC-MS analysis and phytochemical investigation.

Macrocyclic daphnane orthoesters (MDOs) have attracted significant research interest for the drug discovery to cure HIV infection based on the "Shock and Kill" strategy. In the present study, the first chemical study on Wikstroemia ligustrina (Thymelaeaceae) was carried out by LC-MS analysis and phytochemical investigation. Nine daphnane diterpenoids (1-9) including seven MDOs were detected by LC-MS analysis.

Smell and Stress Response in the Brain: Review of the Connection between Chemistry and Neuropharmacology.

The stress response in the brain is not fully understood, although stress is one of the risk factors for developing mental disorders. On the other hand, the stimulation of the olfactory system can influence stress levels, and a certain smell has been empirically known to have a stress-suppressing effect, indeed. In this review, we first outline what stress is and previous studies on stress-responsive biomarkers (stress markers) in the brain.

Sacraoxides A-G, Bioactive Cembranoids from Gum Resin of .

Seven undescribed cembranoids, sacraoxides A-G (-) were isolated from the gum resin of . Their structures were elucidated by extensive physicochemical and spectroscopic analysis, as well as ECD calculation, modified Mosher's method and X-ray diffraction crystallography. Compounds and exhibited inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.

Effects of Sesame Oil Aroma on Mice after Exposure to Water Immersion Stress: Analysis of Behavior and Gene Expression in the Brain.

(1) Background: Sesame has been popular as a healthy food since ancient times, and effects of the aroma component of roasted sesame are also expected. However, little research has been reported on its scent; (2) Methods: Jcl:ICR male mice were housed under water immersion stress for 24 h. Then, the scent of saline or sesame oil was inhaled to stress groups for 90 min.

Anti-HIV Tigliane Diterpenoids from .

During a chemical investigation of , three new [wikstrocins A-C (-)] and three known tigliane diterpenoids (-) were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from extensive physiochemical and spectroscopic analysis. The correlations between the ECD Cotton effects and B ring structures of tiglianes were also evaluated.

Isolation, Structural Elucidation, and Anti-HIV Activity of Daphnane Diterpenoids from .

Five new [daphneodorins D-H (, , and -)] and seven known daphnane diterpenoids (- and -) were isolated from . The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive physicochemical and spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-HIV activity against HIV-1 infection of MT4 cells.

Epidemiological Realities of Alcoholic Liver Disease: Global Burden, Research Trends, and Therapeutic Promise.

Globally, alcohol consumption contributes to more than 3 million deaths each year. While much of its ramifications is preventable, a coherent public health discourse on how to limit alcohol-related harm has been overdue. By synthesizing information from national and global databases, we show in this analysis that alcohol consumption level and alcohol-attributable burden of diseases, particularly alcoholic liver disease (ALD), are intimately linked to national income distribution, cultural norms, religion, sex, age, and health status.

Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.-A phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Sauropus androgynus L. Merr is an underexploited perennial shrub traditionally used as a medicinal plant in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The plant is regarded as not just a green vegetable for diet, but as a traditional herb for certain aliments.

Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Excretion of Paeonol and Its Major Metabolites in Rats Provide a Further Insight Into Paeonol Effectiveness.

Paeonol is a major bioactive ingredient in Moutan Cortex (the root barks of Andrews) and exhibited a wide range of bioactivities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, hypoglycemic effect, analgesic, and others. Even though paeonol has been proven to possess significant pharmacological and therapeutic effects, its pharmacokinetic properties are not satisfactory since it has been found to have a rapid clearance . In the present study, the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of paeonol and its major metabolites were investigated in rats by an efficient and specific UPLC-MS/MS method.

Flavonoids from and their hepatoprotective activities.

A phytochemical investigation of the barks of Oliv. resulted in the isolation of 18 flavonoids (-). The new compound, eucommiaflavone () was structurally elucidated by various spectroscopic analyses.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines serve as communicating molecules between the liver and brain for hepatic encephalopathy pathogenesis and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protection.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gogi berry is a traditional food supplement and medical herbal which has been widely used in Eastern Asian countries. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) are the major active components of Gogi berry and have been proved to possess a lot of biological activities.

Aim Of The Study: We aimed to delineate the protective effect and mechanism of LBP on hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

Daphneodorins A-C, Anti-HIV Gnidimacrin Related Macrocyclic Daphnane Orthoesters from .

Three novel gnidimacrin related macrocyclic daphnanes (GMDs), daphneodorins A-C (-), were isolated from Thunb., together with gnidimacrin (). Their structures were established by extensive physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses.

Improved 3D-QSAR prediction by multiple-conformational alignment: A case study on PTP1B inhibitors.

Three-dimension quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) was one of the major statistical techniques to investigate the correlation of biological activity with structural properties of candidate molecules, and the accuracy of statistic greatly depended on molecular alignment methodology. Exhaustive conformational search and successful conformational superposition could extremely improve the predictive accuracy of QSAR modeling. In this work, we proposed a solution to optimize QSAR prediction by multiple-conformational alignment methods, with a set of 40 flexible PTP1B inhibitors as case study.

Bioactivity-based analysis and chemical characterization of hypoglycemic and antioxidant components from Artemisia argyi.

Diabetes is one of the metabolic disorders in the world. It is the prime reason of mortality and morbidity owing to hyperglycemia which is link with numerus obstacles. Artemisia argyi is commonly used as an ingredient in healthy foods as well as an herbal medicine in Asian countries.

Isolation, Structural Elucidation, Optical Resolution, and Antineuroinflammatory Activity of Phenanthrene and 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene Derivatives from .

A phytochemical investigation of the aqueous EtOH extract of tubers afforded 34 phenanthrene and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, including four new compounds, -. These compounds were identified using physicochemical analyses and various spectroscopic methods. Twelve of these compounds were resolved into their enantiomers, and the absolute configurations were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra.

Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Correlations of Gnidimacrin Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Inhibitors and HIV Latency Reversing Agents.

Currently, due to the HIV latency mechanism, the search continues for effective drugs to combat this issue and provide a cure for AIDS. Gnidimacrin activates latent HIV-1 replication and inhibits HIV-1 infection at picomolar concentrations. This natural diterpene was able to markedly reduce the latent HIV-1 DNA level and the frequency of latently infected cells.

Isolation, structural elucidation and in vitro hepatoprotective activity of flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

Two new flavonoid glycosides, 2',4'-dihydroxydihydrochalcone-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and medicarpin-3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl (1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), together with 34 known flavonoids were isolated from the 75% EtOH extract of the dried roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The flavonoids were classified into ten sub-types, namely, dihydrochalcone (1), pterocarpans (2-4), flavones (5-6), flavanones (7-11), chalcones (12-15), retro-chalcones (16-18), isoflavans (19-21), isoflavones (22-28), 3-arylcoumarins (29-30), and coumestans (31-36).

Identification of 10-dehydrooxyglycyuralin E as a selective human estrogen receptor alpha partial agonist.

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) act as either agonist or antagonist of estrogen receptor (ER) in a tissue selective manner and have been used in several diseases such as breast cancer, postmenopausal syndrome, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. However, current SERMs may also increase the risk of serious side effects and trigger drug resistance. Herein, a screening program, that was designed to search for novel SERMs, resulted in the identification of a series of 2-arylbenzofuran-containing compounds that are ligands for ERα, when applying the Gaussia-luciferase reporter assay.

Wolfberry-Derived Zeaxanthin Dipalmitate Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage.

Scope: Besides abstinence and nutritional support, there is no proven clinical treatment for patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). Here, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of wolfberry-derived zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) on AFLD models are demonstrated.

Methods And Results: The hepatoprotective effects of ZD are evaluated in vitro and in vivo.