A study of the method of the video image presentation for the manipulation of forceps.

Recently, surgical operations have sometimes been tried under laparoscopic video images using teleoperation robots or forceps manipulators. Therefore, in this paper, forceps manipulation efficiencies were evaluated when images for manipulation had some transmission delay (Experiment 1), and when the convergence point of the stereoscopic video cameras was either fixed and variable (Experiment 2). The operators' tasks in these experiments were sewing tasks which simulated telesurgery under 3-dimensional scenography.

A study of overlapping virtual objects on real objects in 3D space.

Augmented reality (AR) is anticipated for use in medical practice. However, virtual objects cannot be overlaid exactly on real objects using theoretical data. Therefore, this study is intended to determine the correction method to overlay a virtual object with real object accurately.

An ellipsoidal trajectory model for measuring the line of sight.

The relationship between the amount of rotation of the eyeball and the amount of rotation of the line of sight was investigated. The planar model and ellipsoidal model were compared as the trajectory of the center of the pupil. An evaluation of precision was carried out by measuring the discrepancy between the direction of the target and the estimated direction of the line of sight.