Circulating tumor necrosis factor-α DNA are elevated in psoriasis.

In psoriasis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates keratinocytes to produce other inflammatory mediators. In addition, increased serum or plasma TNF-α levels are considered to be biomarkers of psoriasis. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) originates from apoptotic or necrotic cells and reflects the severity of cellular damage.

Overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 protein in extramammary Paget's disease.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) plays an important role in cell cycle progression, and the CDK4/6-cyclin D1 complex controls the cell cycle transition from G phase to S phase. CDK4 is enhanced in several types of cancers and CDK4/6 inhibitors attenuate the proliferation of several types of cancer in vitro/in vivo. The purpose of our study was to investigate the expression pattern of CDK4 and evaluate its clinical importance in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD).