Serum pepsinogen I/II ratio is correlated with albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Helicobacter pylori infection, which is a common cause of atrophic gastritis, has been reported to represent a causal factor increasing the vascular damage and consequent albuminuria. On the other hand, decreased serum pepsinogen (PG) I/II ratio can be used to assess gastric mucosal atrophy. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the correlation between PG I/II ratio and diabetic nephropathy.

Low daily salt intake is correlated with albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Both high and low salt intakes have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between daily salt intake and albuminuria, a marker of diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease, in patients with type 2 diabetes. We classified 270 patients with type 2 diabetes, who were not receiving antihypertensive medication into four groups according to their daily salt intake (<8, 8-10, 10-12 and >12 g per day).

Second measurement of morning systolic blood pressure is more closely associated with albuminuria.

Background/aims: It is important to control blood pressure as well as to control blood glucose for the prevention of diabetic nephropathy. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports investigating which blood pressure, including morning, evening and clinic, is more closely associated with albuminuria and whether one measurement is sufficient or not in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We measured morning, evening and clinic blood pressure and compared the area under the curve (AUC) of blood pressure for urinary albumin excretion equal to or more than 30 mg/g creatinine using receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses and odds ratio for albuminuria defined as urinary albumin excretion equal to or more than 30 mg/g creatinine in 858 patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Toe-brachial index is associated more strongly with albuminuria or glomerular filtration rate than ankle-brachial index in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether toe-brachial index (TBI) is more strongly associated with albuminuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than ankle-brachial index (ABI), and thus is a more suitable tool for evaluating the association between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetic nephropathy than ABI in patients with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the relationships between ABI or TBI and the degree of urinary albumin excretion or eGFR, as well as the major cardiovascular risk factors, in 390 patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, we compared the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) of TBI or ABI for albuminuria or chronic kidney disease (CKD).

N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide could be a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which is a useful biomarker of chronic heart failure, has been shown to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between NT-proBNP and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Relationships of NT-proBNP to pulse wave velocity (PWV) or ankle-brachial index (ABI) as well as to various parameters, including body mass index, blood pressure, serum lipid concentration, serum uric acid concentration, and glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c), age, hemoglobin, serum creatinine concentration, severity of diabetic nephropathy or retinopathy, current treatment of diabetes, cardiothoracic ratio on chest radiograph, presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and/or ST-T changes evaluated by electrocardiograph, smoking status and presence of cardiovascular disease were investigated in 323 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes.

Visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure is correlated with diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Recent studies make remarks on the effect of variability in systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the variability in SBP and the degree of diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We measured SBP in 422 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes at every visit during a year, and we calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) of SBP.

The coefficient variation of home blood pressure is a novel factor associated with macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between day-by-day variability in home blood pressure (HBP) on 14 consecutive days and macroalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the coefficient of variation (CV) of HBP in 858 Japanese patients with and without macroalbuminuria. Next, we analyzed the relationship between the logarithm of urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and the CV of HBP using linear regression analysis.

Risk factors for development of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia.

We investigated the risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia simultaneously in a community-based observational cohort study (n=4304). When hypertension or dyslipidemia was present at baseline, hazard ratio (95% CI) of developing diabetes mellitus at year 5 is 3.014 (2.

Uncontrolled home blood pressure in the morning is associated with nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetes.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the state of blood pressure control level and to investigate the relationship between blood pressure control level and nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetes. We measured clinic and home blood pressure in 923 type 2 diabetic patients. According to the criteria for hypertension in the Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines 2009, patients were classified into four groups by clinic systolic blood pressure (130 mmHg) and morning systolic blood pressure (125 mmHg), as follows: controlled hypertension (CH), white-coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), and sustained hypertension (SH).

Hemoglobin concentration in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Anemia is a common but often overlooked complication of diabetes. We investigated the relationship between hemoglobin concentration and various factors as well as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hemoglobin concentration was measured in 319 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Eosinophil count is positively correlated with albumin excretion rate in men with type 2 diabetes.

Background And Objectives: Patients with allergic disorders such as allergic rhinitis or asthma have been reported to be at increased risk for atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the relationships between peripheral eosinophil count and degree of albumin excretion rate, which is a useful marker of cardiovascular mortality as well as diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We evaluated relationships of peripheral eosinophil count to degree of albumin excretion rate as well as to major cardiovascular risk factors, including age, BP, serum lipid concentration, and glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin); body mass index; current treatment for diabetes; smoking status; and presence of cardiovascular disease in 783 patients (416 men and 367 women) with type 2 diabetes.

Plasma serotonin is a predictor for deterioration of urinary albumin excretion in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

We performed an observational study to investigate if plasma 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), a derivative end product of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), concentration could be a predictor for deterioration of urinary albumin excretion. The relationship between baseline plasma 5-HIAA concentration and changes in urinary albumin excretion for 24 months was investigated in 162 male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were divided into tertiles according to plasma 5-HIAA concentration.

Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, prevents the development of diabetes in male Spontaneously Diabetic Torii rats.

To assess the beneficial effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker telmisartan on a non-obese animal model of reduced function and mass of islet beta-cells prior to the development of diabetes, Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats were treated with telmisartan at 8 weeks of age. At 24 weeks of age, the treatment with telmisartan dose-dependently ameliorated hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, and high-dose (5 mg/kg/day) treated SDT rats did not developed diabetes. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that treatment with high-dose telmisartan reduced mRNA expression of local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components, components of NAD(P)H oxidase, transforming growth factor-beta1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the pancreas of male SDT rats.