Facility wastewater monitoring as an effective tool for pandemic infection control: An experience in COVID-19 pandemic with long-term monitoring.

Introduction: Since the first report of a novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, the infection has spread rapidly and had a significant impact on our lives. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no adequate testing system in place, despite an urgent need for infection control measures in student dormitories.

Methods: We have been monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater as part of our infection control efforts in the university facilities since fall 2020.

De Novo Genome Assembly of Japanese Black Cattle as Model of an Economically Relevant Animal.

A genetic analysis of Japanese Black cattle using short reads and guided by the reference genome from Western breeds would miss the structural variation and/or other unique characteristics of Japanese Black cattle. To overcome this difficulty, a de novo genome assembly independent from the reference genome is required. This chapter describes the technical developments, with respect to both experimental and bioinformatics procedures, including the use of short and long reads, required for de novo genome assembly of Japanese Black cattle.

Recombination of repeat elements generates somatic complexity in human genomes.

Non-allelic recombination between homologous repetitive elements contributes to evolution and human genetic disorders. Here, we combine short- and long-DNA read sequencing of repeat elements with a new bioinformatics pipeline to show that somatic recombination of Alu and L1 elements is widespread in the human genome. Our analysis uncovers tissue-specific non-allelic homologous recombination hallmarks; moreover, we find that centromeres and cancer-associated genes are enriched for retroelements that may act as recombination hotspots.

Perturbation of copper homeostasis is instrumental in early developmental arrest of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum.

Background: Malaria continues to be a devastating disease. The elucidation of factors inducing asexual growth versus arrest of Plasmodium falciparum can provide information about the development of the parasite, and may help in the search for novel malaria medication. Based on information from genome-wide transcriptome profiling of different developmental stages of P.

[Suggestion to school pharmacists to utilize absolute humidity parameter for maintaining air-conditioning].

One of the major roles of a school pharmacist is to maintain adequate air conditioning in the school to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Influenza, the most important infectious disease at school, can be a cause of temporary closure of classes. We ordinarily examine relative humidity (RH), a popular parameter in the pharmaceutical field.

Pharmacological characterization of RS-1259, an orally active dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and serotonin transporter, in rodents: possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

A dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and serotonin transporter (SERT), RS-1259 (4-[1S)-methylamino-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)]propylphenyl N,N-dimethylcarbamate (fumaric acid)(1/2)salt), was newly synthesized. RS-1259 simultaneously inhibited AChE and SERT in the brain following an oral administration in mice and rats. Actual simultaneous elevation of extracellular levels of 5-HT and ACh in the rat hippocampus was confirmed by microdialysis.

A conformational restriction approach to the development of dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and serotonin transporter as potential agents for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been treated with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as donepezil. However, the clinical usefulness of AChE inhibitors is limited mainly due to their adverse peripheral effects. Depression seen in AD patients has been treated with serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors.

Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and serotonin transporter as potential agents for Alzheimer's disease.

We have designed and synthesized a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and serotonin transporter (SERT) as a novel class of treatment drugs for Alzheimer's disease on the basis of a hypothetical model of the AChE active site. Dual inhibitions of AChE and SERT would bring about greater therapeutic effects than AChE inhibition alone and avoid adverse peripheral effects caused by excessive AChE inhibition. Compound (S)-6j exhibited potent inhibitory activities against AChE (IC(50)=101 nM) and SERT (IC(50)=42 nM).

Design and synthesis of dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and serotonin transporter targeting potential agents for Alzheimer's disease.

Highly efficient acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and serotonin transporter (SERT) dual inhibitors, (S)-4 and (R)-13 were designed and synthesized on the basis of the hypothetical model of AChE active site. Both compounds showed potent inhibitory activities against AChE and SERT. [structure: see text]