Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Effects of Citric Acid and Lemon Juice in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies.

Hypertension is a key risk factor for heart, brain, and kidney disease development. Fruit consumption has been associated with a decrease in blood pressure. Lemon juice, which contains antihypertensive compounds, may exert antihypertensive effects.

Effects of halide ions on the acceptor phase in spontaneous chemical oscillations in donor/membrane/acceptor systems.

The effects of halide ions on the acceptor phase in the chemical oscillation in donor/membrane/acceptor systems were examined. The transfer of cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA(+)) ions from the donor phase and their adsorption and desorption at the membrane/acceptor interface led to spontaneous, nonlinear oscillations of the electric potential. Chloride ions stabilized the adsorption of CTA(+) ions and gave rise to a large-amplitude, long-interval, and a long relaxation-time constant.

Spontaneous oscillation mechanism by simultaneous time-resolved measurements of interfacial tensions of both the donor/membrane and membrane/acceptor phases.

The time courses of the interfacial tension of two interfaces and the electric potential between the donor/membrane/acceptor phases were simultaneously examined using a quasi-elastic laser scattering method, which monitors capillary wave frequencies. An aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a nitrobenzene solution of tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (TPATPB), and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) were used as the surfactant in the aqueous donor phase, the hydrophobic electrolyte in the organic membrane phase, and the electrolyte in the aqueous acceptor phase, respectively. It has been found that the oscillatory behavior of the potential is synchronized with that of the interface tension at the membrane/acceptor interface, which is caused by the feeding and the following rapid adsorption of CTA(+) surfactants to it due to the Marangoni effect.