Publications by authors named "Kazuki Shiina"

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the mechanism underlying the atrial structural and electro-anatomical remodeling by OSA has not yet been clearly elucidated.

Methods: This study was conducted in 83 patients who had undergone catheter ablation for AF (49 with OSA and 34 Controls without OSA).

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to assess the effects of starting sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) therapy during hospitalization for acute heart failure (AHF) on NT-proBNP levels in Japanese patients.
  • It involved a randomized trial with 400 patients, comparing those who switched to Sac/Val versus those who continued standard therapy, measuring changes in NT-proBNP at 4 and 8 weeks.
  • Results showed that the Sac/Val group experienced significantly greater reductions in NT-proBNP levels, particularly in patients with lower left ventricular ejection fractions, with no significant safety concerns noted.
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and hypertension have a high rate of co-occurrence, with OSA being a causative factor for hypertension. Sympathetic activity due to intermittent hypoxia and/or fragmented sleep is the most important mechanisms triggering the elevation in blood pressure in OSA. OSA-related hypertension is characterized by resistant hypertension, nocturnal hypertension, abnormal blood pressure variability, and vascular remodeling.

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The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has been observed to be much higher than in control participants without AF. Limited data exist regarding the prevalence of AF in patients with OSA. The clinical characteristics, nutritional status, and sleep parameters associated with AF in patients with OSA remain unclear.

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Aims: In the arterial tree, a pressure gradient of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) is observed from the center to the periphery, with the pressure being higher in the periphery because of pressure wave reflection. However, this gradient is attenuated, with elevation of the central SBP (cSBP), in cases with abnormal pressure wave reflection in the arterial tree. It remains unclear if increase of the cSBP might be an independent risk factor for accelerated progression of arterial stiffness.

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Background: Although some cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are known to be associated with increased arterial stiffness, increased arterial stiffness does not mediate the cardiovascular risk associated with all CVRFs. Here, based on long-term repeated-measurement data, we examined the association of the lifelong status of each CVRF with the rate of progression of arterial stiffness.

Methods: We utilized the data from annual health checkups with the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurements over a 16-year period in middle-aged Japanese occupational cohort.

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Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce the risk of heart failure progression and mortality rates. Moreover, osmotic diuresis induced by SGLT2 inhibition may result in an improved heart failure prognosis. Independent of conventional diuretics in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic heart failure, especially in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), it is unclear whether SGLT2i chronically reduces estimated plasma volume (ePV).

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Background: While there is a discordance between fractional flow reserve (FFR) and non-hyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) in some cases, the mechanisms underlying these discordances have not yet been fully clarified. We examined whether vascular damage as assessed by measurement of the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, or ankle brachial pressure index (ABI), a marker of atherosclerotic arterial stenosis, might be associated with their discordances.

Methods: FFR and NHPRs were measured in 283 consecutive patients (69 ± 10 years old).

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An 86-year-old female on dialysis experienced a decrease in blood pressure and worsening of her respiratory condition during dialysis, for which she visited our emergency unit. She was admitted to our Department of Cardiology with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure because of anterior wall of left ventricular dysfunction, positive troponin T levels and negative T wave on a precordial lead electrocardiogram. On the same day, she underwent coronary angiography and stenting at left anterior descending artery #7 with 99% stenosis.

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Background Hypertension and diabetes frequently coexist; however, it has not yet been clarified if the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between arterial stiffness and hypertension are independent of those between arterial stiffness and diabetes. Methods and Results In this 16-year prospective observational study, 3960 middle-aged employees of a Japanese company without hypertension/diabetes at the study baseline underwent annual repeated measurements of blood pressure, serum glycosylated hemoglobin A levels, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. By the end of the study period, 664, 779, 154, and 406 subjects developed hypertension, prehypertension, diabetes, and prediabetes, respectively.

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Aims: This prospective observational study, which utilized repeated annual measurements performed over a 9-year period, applied mixed model analyses to examine age-related differences in longitudinal associations between alcohol intake and arterial stiffness, pressure wave reflection, and inflammation.

Methods: In 4016 middle-aged (43±9 years) healthy Japanese male employees, alcohol intake, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), radial augmentation index (rAI), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured annually during a 9-year study period.

Results: The estimated marginal mean baPWV (non-drinkers=1306 cm/s, mild-moderate drinkers=1311 cm/s, and heavy drinkers=1337 cm/s, P<0.

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Atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness are phenotypes of atherosclerotic vascular damage. Atherosclerosis originates from endothelial vascular damage and forms focal morphological lesions; arterial stiffness originates from diffuse medial-layer damage in the arterial tree. Thus, the two phenomena reflect different facets of atherosclerotic vascular damage, and they both gradually progress.

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Aims: This prospective observational study aimed to examine the individual longitudinal associations of the increases in the arterial stiffness and pressure wave reflection with the decline in the cardiac systolic performance during the study period in healthy middle-aged Japanese men.

Methods: In 4016 middle-aged Japanese healthy men (43±9 years), the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), radial augmentation index (rAI), and pre-ejection period/ejection time (pre-ejection period (PEP)/ET) were measured annually during a 9-year study period.

Results: The baPWV, rAI, and PEP/ET showed steady annual increases during the study period.

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Background: Identification of the effective subtypes of treatment for heart failure (HF) is an essential topic for optimizing treatment of the disorder. We hypothesized that the beneficial effect of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) might depend on baseline diastolic function. To elucidate the effects of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic HF we investigated, as a post-hoc sub-study of the CANDLE trial, the effects of canagliflozin on NT-proBNP levels from baseline to 24 weeks, with the data stratified by left ventricular (LV) diastolic function at baseline.

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Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of a deterioration in heart failure (HF) and mortality in patients with a broad range of cardiovascular risks. Recent guidelines recommend considering the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and HF, irrespective of their glycemic control status and background use of other glucose-lowering agents including metformin. However, only a small number of studies have investigated whether the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor in these patients differ by the concomitant use of other glucose-lowering agents.

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Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (IAD), inter-ankle systolic blood pressure difference (IAND), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) are all known predictors of cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between OSA and four-limb blood pressure differences.

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Aims: Augmented central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), which is known to affect the cardiac afterload, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While an inverse relationship is known to exist between the heart rate (HR) and the cSBP, it has not yet been clarified if the HR also modulates the association between the cSBP and the cardiac afterload. The present study was conducted to clarify whether the association of the cSBP with the serum levels of the N-terminal fragment B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) differs between subjects with high and low HRs, using data obtained from the same subjects on two occasions (2009 and 2012) so as to confirm their consistency.

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The cumulative number of cases in the current global coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has exceeded 100 million, with the number of deaths caused by the infection having exceeded 2.5 million. Recent reports from most frontline researchers have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 can also cause fatal non-respiratory conditions, such as fatal cardiovascular events.

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This prospective observational study examined whether hyperuricemia may be associated with impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function and increased cardiac load resulting from increased arterial stiffness. In 1,880 middle-aged (mean [±SD] age 45±9 years) healthy men, serum uric acid (UA) levels, pre-ejection period/ejection time (PEP/ET) ratio, serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured at the start and end of the 3-year study period. Linear regression analysis revealed that serum UA levels measured at baseline were significantly associated with the PEP/ET ratio, but not with serum NT-proBNP levels, measured at baseline (β=0.

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Background And Aims: We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of arterial stiffness and pressure wave reflection with the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) in middle-aged Japanese subjects free of peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods: ABI, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and radial augmentation index (rAI) were measured annually during the 9-year observation period in 3066 men (42 ± 9 years old) with ABI ≥1.00 at baseline of the study period, and not taking any antihypertensive medication.

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Objectives: This prospective study was conducted to clarify the significance of augmented pressure wave reflection without accompanying increased arterial stiffness in the development of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDHT).

Methods: A total of 3022 Japanese men without hypertension at the start of this study were included in the analyses. The blood pressure, brachial--ankle pulse wave velocity (brachial-ankle PWV), and radial augmentation index (rAI) were measured annually from year 2007 through year 2015.

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The present prospective observational study was conducted to examine the differences in longitudinal associations of the conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with arterial stiffness and with abnormal pressure wave reflection using repeated measurement data. In 4016 healthy middle-aged (43 ± 9 years) Japanese men without CVD at baseline, the conventional risk factors for CVD, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (brachial-ankle PWV) and radial augmentation index (rAI) were measured annually over a 9-year period. Mixed-model linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant independent positive longitudinal association of the mean blood pressure with both the brachial-ankle PWV (estimate = 5.

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