Creation of an artificial intelligence model for intubation difficulty classification by deep learning (convolutional neural network) using face images: an observational study.

Background: Tracheal intubation is the gold standard for securing the airway, and it is not uncommon to encounter intubation difficulties in intensive care units and emergency rooms. Currently, there is a need for an objective measure to assess intubation difficulties in emergency situations by physicians, residents, and paramedics who are unfamiliar with tracheal intubation. Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently used in medical imaging owing to advanced performance.

Growth Hormone Signaling Pathway Leading to the Induction of DNA Synthesis and Proliferation in Primary Cultured Hepatocytes of Adult Rats.

Background: We investigated the signal transduction pathway associated with growth hormone (GH)-stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation in primary cultured hepatocytes.

Methods: Adult rat hepatocytes were isolated from normal livers by two-step in situ collagenase perfusion to facilitate disaggregation of the adult rat liver. Then hepatocytes were cultured in serum-free Williams' medium E supplemented with GH (1-100 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of test reagents.

Autocrine secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I mediates growth hormone-stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes.

The intracellular signaling pathway of growth hormone (GH)-stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation was investigated in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. DNA synthesis and cell proliferation were detected in hepatocyte parenchymal cells grown in serum-free, defined medium containing GH (100 ng/ml). GH-stimulated hepatocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation were almost completely blocked by TG101209 (10 M), a selective Janus kinase (JAK)2 inhibitor, U-73122 (10 M), a selective phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, and a monoclonal antibody to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor (100 ng/ml) or anti-secretion agents such as somatostatin (10 M) and BAPTA/AM (10 M).

The Enhancing Effects of S-Allylcysteine on Liver Regeneration Are Associated with Increased Expression of mRNAs Encoding IGF-1 and Its Receptor in Two-Thirds Partially Hepatectomized Rats.

Two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed in rats, and the differences in effects between S-allylcysteine (SAC) and other sulfur-containing compounds on regeneration of the remaining liver and restoration of the injury were examined. Three days after two-thirds PHx, rats treated with 300 mg/kg/d, per os (p.o.

Ascorbic acid insufficiency impairs spatial memory formation in juvenile AKR1A-knockout mice.

AKR1A, an aldo-keto reductase, is involved in the synthesis of ascorbic acid as well as the reduction of a variety of aldehyde compounds. AKR1A mice produce considerably less ascorbic acid (about 10%) compared to AKR1A mice and require ascorbic acid supplementation in order to breed. To elucidate the roles played by AKR1A in spatial memory, AKR1A male mice were weaned at 4 weeks of age and groups that received ascorbic acid supplementation and no supplementation were subjected to a Morris water maze test.

Effect of Selective Serotonin (5-HT) Receptor Agonist BW723C86 on Epidermal Growth Factor/Transforming Growth Factor-α Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Ribosomal p70 S6 Kinase Activities in Primary Cultures of Adult Rat Hepatocytes.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) can induce hepatocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation by autocrine secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-α through 5-HT receptor/phospholipase C (PLC)/Ca and a signaling pathway involving epidermal growth factor (EGF)/TGF-α receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In the present study, we investigated whether 5-HT or a selective 5-HT receptor agonist BW723C86, would stimulate phosphorylation of TGF-α RTK and ribosomal p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Western blotting analysis was used to detect 5-HT- or BW723C86 (10 M)-induced phosphorylation of EGF/TGF-α RTK and p70S6K.

Magnetic resonance imaging appropriate for construction of subject-specific head models for diffuse optical tomography.

Subject-specific head models of which their geometry is based on structural magnetic resonance images are essential to accurately estimate the spatial sensitivity profiles for image reconstruction in diffuse optical tomography. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images, which are commonly used for structural imaging, are not sufficient for the threshold-based segmentation of the superficial tissues. Two types of pulse sequences, which provide a high contrast among the superficial tissues, are introduced to complement the segmentation to construct the subject-specific head models.

Expeditious synthesis of 1-aminoindane derivatives achieved by [1,4]-hydride shift mediated C(sp3)-H bond functionalization.

Described herein is a [1,4]-hydride shift mediated expeditious synthesis of 1-aminoindane derivatives. A wide variety of substrates could be employed in this reaction to afford various indane derivatives in good to excellent chemical yields. Examination of the amine moiety revealed that the sterically hindered amine is the key to achieving both low catalyst loading and excellent chemical yields.

Double C(sp3)-H bond functionalization mediated by sequential hydride shift/cyclization process: diastereoselective construction of polyheterocycles.

Described herein are two novel types of double C(sp(3))-H bond functionalizations triggered by a sequential hydride shift/cyclization process: (1) construction of a bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane skeleton by a [1,6]- and [1,5]-hydride shift sequence and (2) sequential [1,4]- and [1,5]-hydride shift mediated construction of a linear tricyclic skeleton.

The influence of frontal sinus in brain activation measurements by near-infrared spectroscopy analyzed by realistic head models.

Adequate modeling of light propagation in the head is important to predict the sensitivity of NIRS signal and the spatial sensitivity profile of source-detector pairs. The 3D realistic head models of which the geometry is based upon the anatomical images acquired by magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray computed tomography are constructed to investigate the influence of the frontal sinus on the NIRS signal and spatial sensitivity. Light propagation in the head is strongly affected by the presence of the frontal sinus.

Selective activation of enantiotopic C(sp3)-hydrogen by means of chiral phosphoric acid: asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives.

Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric C-H functionalization has been achieved. In this process, enantiotopic C(sp(3))-hydrogen is selectively activated by chiral phosphoric acid to afford tetrahydroquinoline derivatives with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee).