A case of thyroid storm caused by Graves' disease misdiagnosed as panic attack due to panic disorder.

Background: Graves' disease is characterized by hyperthyroidism and its symptoms often overlap with those of panic disorder, which may make it difficult to distinguish between the two conditions. In this report, we describe how proper diagnosis of thyroid disease in patients with mental illness can lead to appropriate treatment.

Case Presentation: We encountered a 34-year-old woman in whom thyroid crisis from Graves' disease was misdiagnosed as panic attack.

Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Vastus Lateralis Muscle during Incremental Cycling Exercise in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: It is clinically important to elucidate the precise mechanism of exercise intolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a difference in the time course change of the oxygenation in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during submaximal incremental cycling exercise between patients with T2DM and age-matched healthy subjects.

Methods: Nine elderly men with T2DM and 10 age-matched healthy men (CON) participated in this study.

Family history of diabetes in both parents is strongly associated with impaired residual β-cell function in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.

Aims/introduction: The objective of the present study was to clarify the association of the type and number of first-degree family history of diabetes (FHD) with the clinical characteristics, especially with residual β-cell function, in type 2 diabetes patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1,131 type 2 diabetes patients were recruited and divided into four groups according to FHD information as follows: (i) patients without FHD (FHD-); (ii) those with at least one sibling who had diabetes without parental diabetes (FHD+); (iii) those with one parent (FHD++); or (iv) those with both parents (FHD+++) who had diabetes with or without a sibling with diabetes.

Results: The percentages of the FHD-, FHD+, FHD++ and FHD+++ groups were 49.

Ratio of low molecular weight serum adiponectin to the total adiponectin value is associated with type 2 diabetes through its relation to increasing insulin resistance.

Aim: Among the three adiponectin isoforms, a lower ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin to total adiponectin (TA) is well known to cause insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, how the levels of other adiponectin isoforms, such as the middle molecular weight (MMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) isoforms, and their relative ratio to TA change in T2D subjects has not been determined. Therefore, we investigated the association of these adiponectin-related parameters with T2D.

Non-locomotive physical activity intervention using a tri-axial accelerometer reduces sedentary time in type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine whether the use of a tri-axial accelerometer can reduce sedentary time and increase non-locomotive physical activity (N-LPA), and to investigate the effect of this intervention on parameters of glucose and fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes (Age: 61.8 ± 1.

FTO Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes through Its Effect on Increasing the Maximum BMI in Japanese Men.

Aim: Several studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms within the fat-mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether the effects of the FTO locus on T2D susceptibility are independent of fat-mass increases remains controversial. To investigate this issue, we examined the association of FTO variants with T2D and various aspects of BMI history during adult life in a Japanese population.

Effects of non-exercise activity and daily exercise activity upon glucose and fat metabolism in type 2 diabetes.

Background: The purpose of this study was to disclose the relationship between objectively measured non-exercise activity (NEA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using triaxial accelerometer and the effect of each activity on glucose and fat metabolism in active type 2 diabetes. Elucidating this relationship and effect would lead to support educational programs for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Seventy-seven patients with type 2 diabetes who had performed daily programmed walking exercise participated in this cross-sectional study.

Jogging Therapy for Hikikomori Social Withdrawal and Increased Cerebral Hemodynamics: A Case Report.

Severe social withdrawal, called hikikomori, has drawn increased public attention. However, an optimal clinical approach and strategy of treatment has not been well established. Here, we report a case of hikikomori for which an exercise intervention using jogging therapy was effective, showing cerebral hemodynamic improvement.

Secretory units of islets in transplantation index is a useful predictor of insulin requirement in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

Aims/introduction: The objective of the present study was to clarify the validity of β-cell function-related parameters for predicting the insulin requirement of Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

Materials And Methods: In 188 patients with type 2 diabetes who had been admitted to the University of Toyama Hospital (Toyama, Japan) without receiving insulin therapy, we carried out a cross-sectional study examining the relationship between the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and C-peptide-based indices, and also carried out a retrospective study to examine the utility for predicting insulin requirement of several β -cell function-related indices using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results: The secretory units of islets in transplantation index (SUIT) had the strongest correlation with HOMA-β, followed by the fasting serum C-peptide immunoreactivity index (CPI); the fasting serum C-peptide immunoreactivity itself (F-CPR) had the least correlation.

Gender difference in metabolic responses to surface electrical muscle stimulation in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether or not there is a gender difference in metabolic responses to surface electrical muscle stimulation (sEMS) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: Ten men and eight women with T2DM participated in two sessions; in both sessions the subjects were investigated after a breakfast and that in one occasion they underwent 30-min sEMS while in the other they were followed while resting. Blood and gas exchange data were compared between genders as to the extent of blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids responses to sEMS.

Motor unit firing pattern of vastus lateralis muscle in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction: We investigated the motor unit (MU) firing pattern in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients by means of multichannel surface electromyography (SEMG).

Methods: Eight T2DM patients and 8 age-matched, healthy men performed a ramp-up contraction to 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). They also performed a sustained contraction at 10% of MVC during isometric knee extension.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients manifest characteristic spatial EMG potential distribution pattern during sustained isometric contraction.

Aim: The purpose of the present study is to investigate spatial surface electromyography (SEMG) potential distribution pattern in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: Nine T2DM patients and nine age-matched healthy men (CON) performed a sustained isometric knee extension at 10% of maximal voluntary contraction for 120s. Multi-channel SEMG was recorded from the vastus lateralis muscle by means of 64 electrodes.

Effect of percutaneous electrical muscle stimulation on postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine whether percutaneous electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes participated in two experimental sessions; one was a 30-min EMS 30 min after a breakfast (EMS trial) and the other was a complete rest after a breakfast (Control trial). In each trial, blood was sampled before and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the meal.

The effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on intestinal glucose absorption and intestinal motility in mice.

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is released from the small intestine upon meal ingestion and increases insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. Although the GIP receptor is known to be expressed in small intestine, the effects of GIP in small intestine are not fully understood. This study was designed to clarify the effect of GIP on intestinal glucose absorption and intestinal motility.

Glycemic instability in type 1 diabetic patients: Possible role of ketosis or ketoacidosis at onset of diabetes.

Aims: In type 1 diabetic patients, some have glycemic instability while others glycemic stability. We have developed criteria for evaluating glycemic instability and investigated the factors responsible.

Methods: Glycemic instability in 52 type 1 diabetic patients was assessed by the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) and M-value, and clinical characteristics of good, fair and poor control groups were compared.

Curcumin inhibits glucose production in isolated mice hepatocytes.

Curcumin is a compound derived from the spice turmeric, and is a potent anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-hepatotoxic agent. We have investigated the acute effects of curcumin on hepatic glucose production. Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in isolated hepatocytes, and gluconeogenetic enzyme activity after 120 min exposure to curcumin were measured.

Living donor islet transplantation, the alternative approach to overcome the obstacles limiting transplant.

We performed the world's first successful living donor islet transplantation for unstable diabetes. A total of 408,114 islet equivalents were isolated from half a living pancreas and transplanted immediately to the recipient who was a 27-year-old female. The donor was a 56-year-old female in good health, mother of the recipient.

The spontaneously diabetic Torii rat with gastroenteropathy.

The spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rat was recently recognized as a new animal model of non-obese type 2 diabetes. As the severe diabetic ocular complications seen in SDT rats already have been investigated, we examined another common diabetic complication, gastroenteropathy. Male SDT rats developed diabetes at 20 weeks and diarrhea at 28 weeks of age.

Successful islet transplantation from nonheartbeating donor pancreata using modified Ricordi islet isolation method.

Background: Current success of islet transplantation has led to donor shortage and the need for marginal donor utilization to alleviate this shortage. The goal of this study was to improve the efficacy of islet transplantation using nonheartbeating donors (NHBDs).

Methods: First, we used porcine pancreata for the implementation of several strategies and applied to human pancreata.

SUIT, secretory units of islets in transplantation: An index for therapeutic management of islet transplanted patients and its application to type 2 diabetes.

Evaluation of a patient's pancreatic beta-cell function is important in both diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. We sought to determine beta-cell function with a single sampling of blood. Examination of fasting blood glucose (F-BG, mM) and C-peptide (F-CPR, nM) levels in seven post-islet-transplanted states of four patients revealed a linear relationship between F-BG and F-CPR.

A single transplantation of the islets can produce glycemic stability and reduction of basal insulin requirement.

We investigated glycemic stability and insulin requirement 1 month after a single transplantation of the islets from non-heart-beating donors or a living donor. Overall blood glucose levels decreased immediately after transplantation. The M-value and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) decreased significantly from 53.

Insulin independence after living-donor distal pancreatectomy and islet allotransplantation.

Rising demand for islet transplantation will lead to severe donor shortage in the near future, especially in countries where cadaveric organ donation is scarce. We undertook a successful transplantation of living-donor islets for unstable diabetes. The recipient was a 27-year-old woman who had had brittle, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 12 years.