Favorable Effect of Pemafibrate on Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Function in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertriglyceridemia: A Subanalysis of the PARM-T2D Study.

Pemafibrate, a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulator, has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. However, its effects on glucose metabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remain to be fully clarified. This was a subanalysis of the PARM-T2D study, a multicenter prospective observational study on the use of pemafibrate versus conventional therapy for 52 weeks in subjects with T2DM complicated with hypertriglyceridemia.

Luseogliflozin preserves the pancreatic beta-cell mass and function in db/db mice by improving mitochondrial function.

We aimed to determine the mechanism by which the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin, preserves pancreatic beta-cell mass and function in db/db mice. Six-week-old db/db mice were fed to standard chow or standard chow containing 0.01% luseogliflozin.

Do the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exceed the risks in patients with type 1 diabetes?

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are well-established means of improving glycemia and preventing cardio-renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, their efficacy and safety have yet to be fully characterized in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We studied patients with T1D who regularly attended one of five diabetes centers and treated with an SGLT2i (ipragliflozin or dapagliflozin) for >52 weeks, and the changes in HbA1c, body mass, insulin dose, and laboratory data were retrospectively evaluated and adverse events (AEs) recorded during December 2018 to April 2021.

Glucokinase activation leads to an unsustained hypoglycaemic effect with hepatic triglyceride accumulation in db/db mice.

Aim: To investigate how subchronic administration of a glucokinase activator (GKA) results in attenuation of the hypoglycaemic effect in the diabetic condition.

Materials And Methods: Six-week-old db/db mice were fed standard chow containing a GKA or the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin for 1, 6, 14 or 28 days. We performed histological evaluation and gene expression analysis of the pancreatic islets and liver after each treatment and compared the results to those in untreated mice.

Glucokinase is required for high-starch diet-induced β-cell mass expansion in mice.

Aims/introduction: We aimed to determine whether glucokinase is required for β-cell mass expansion induced by high-starch diet (HSTD)-feeding, as has been shown in its high-fat diet-induced expansion.

Materials And Methods: Eight-week-old male wild-type (Gck ) or glucokinase haploinsufficient (Gck ) mice were fed either a normal chow (NC) or an HSTD for 15 weeks. The bodyweight, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and β-cell mass were assessed.

Improved time in range and postprandial hyperglycemia with canagliflozin in combination with teneligliptin: Secondary analyses of the CALMER study.

Aims/introduction: We recently reported the beneficial effect of the combination of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor on daily glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additional favorable effects of combination therapy were explored in this secondary analysis.

Materials And Methods: The CALMER study was a multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison trial for type 2 diabetes mellitus involving continuous glucose monitoring under meal tolerance tests.

Impact of endogenous insulin secretion on the improvement of glucose variability in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with canagliflozin plus teneligliptin.

Aims/introduction: To identify the effect of combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor compared with switching from a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor to a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor on improving the glucose variability in patients with or without impaired endogenous insulin secretion.

Materials And Methods: A secondary analysis regarding the relationship between endogenous insulin secretion and the change in mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (ΔMAGE) was carried out in a multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison trial that enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes who had been taking teneligliptin and were treated by switching to canagliflozin (SWITCH) or adding canagliflozin (COMB). Participants were categorized into the following four subgroups: SWITCH or COMB and high or low fasting C-peptide (CPR) divided at baseline by the median.

Switching to Once-Daily Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart from Basal Insulin Improves Postprandial Glycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: To explore the efficacy and safety of switching from once-daily basal insulin therapy to once-daily pre-meal injection insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) with respect to the glycemic control of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison trial, participants on basal insulin therapy were switched to IDegAsp (IDegAsp group; =30) or continued basal insulin (Basal group; =29). The primary endpoint was the superiority of IDegAsp in causing changes in the daily blood glucose profile, especially post-prandial blood glucose concentration after 12 weeks.

Favourable effect of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor canagliflozin plus the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin in combination on glycaemic fluctuation: An open-label, prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison trial (the CALMER study).

This multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, parallel-group, short-term (4-5 weeks) controlled trial was conducted to investigate the superiority of the effect of reducing mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE) during meal tolerance tests (MTTs) for the combination of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor compared with SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy. Ninety-nine patients with type 2 diabetes who were taking teneligliptin (20 mg/d) were randomized to one of the following two groups: those who switched to 100 mg/d of canagliflozin (SWITCH group) or those who added 100 mg/d of canagliflozin (COMB group). MAGE in the COMB group was significantly decreased compared with that in the SWITCH group (COMB 117.

Breakdown of Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodule Accompanied by Acromegaly After Octreotide Treatment.

Patients with acromegaly are at increased risk of developing certain tumors, including goiter and thyroid nodules, and occasionally autonomous thyroid nodules. A 53-year-old woman presented at our hospital with untreated acromegaly. She had typical physical features of acromegaly with pituitary adenoma, and thyrotoxicosis with thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression was also confirmed.

Case of fulminant type 1 diabetes induced by the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody, avelumab.

With the expansive use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the frequency of immune-related adverse events, including autoimmune type 1 diabetes, has been exponentially increased. The anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody, avelumab, has recently been approved for metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma therapy. Here, we report a patient that developed fulminant type 1 diabetes during avelumab treatment.