Function of Epirubicin-Conjugated Polymeric Micelles in Sonodynamic Therapy.

The combinatory use of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and epirubicin (EPI)-conjugated polymeric micellar nanoparticles (NC-6300) is thought to be a less invasive and more efficient method of cancer therapy. To investigate the mechanism underlying the combination effect, we examined the effect of trigger-pulsed HIFU (TP-HIFU) and NC-6300 from the perspective of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which is considered the primary function of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and changes in drug characteristics. TP-HIFU is an effective sequence for generating hydroxyl radicals to kill cancer cells.

Sonodynamic Therapy With Anticancer Micelles and High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Treatment of Canine Cancer.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a minimally invasive anticancer therapy involving a chemical sonosensitizer and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). SDT enables the reduction of drug dose and HIFU irradiation power compared to those of conventional monotherapies. In our previous study, mouse models of colon and pancreatic cancer were used to confirm the effectiveness of SDT vs.

Topology inversion of SecG is essential for cytosolic SecA-dependent stimulation of protein translocation.

SecG, a subunit of the protein translocon, undergoes a cycle of topology inversion. To further examine the role of this topology inversion, we analyzed the activity of membrane vesicles carrying a SecG-PhoA fusion protein (SecG-PhoA inverted membrane vesicles (IMVs)). In the absence of externally added SecA, SecG-PhoA IMVs were as active in protein translocation as SecG(+) IMVs per SecA.