Lung adenocarcinoma with repetitive endotracheal/endobronchial metastasis 20 years after surgery: A case report.

The occurrence of endotracheal/endobronchial metastasis (EEM) after complete resection of a primary lung cancer is rare. Here, we report the case of an 86-year-old woman in whom EEM occurred twice over a 20-year period following complete resection of a primary adenocarcinoma localized to the left main bronchus and trachea. The presence of EEM was confirmed by establishing immunohistochemical homology of the metastases with the primary tumor.

Optimization and evaluation of the ARCHITECT Chagas assay and in-house ELISA for Chagas disease in clinical settings in Japan.

Approximately 250,000 immigrants from Latin America live in Japan and it is estimated that 1500-3000 of them are potentially infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of Chagas disease. Therefore, the establishment of a standardized diagnostic method for Chagas disease in Japan is urgently needed. In this study, we optimized and evaluated the ARCHITECT Chagas assay and in-house ELISA for Chagas disease in clinical settings.

Chagas disease: a report of 17 suspected cases in Japan, 2012-2017.

Background: There are no reports on the prevalence of Chagas disease in Japan. Furthermore, screening programs and access to diagnosis and treatment have not been established. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of Chagas disease among suspected cases in Japan and provide the reference data required for disease control.

Empyema with Multiple Bronchopleural Fistulae Improved by Bronchial Occlusion Using an Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot with the Push and Slide Method.

The push and slide method is a method of endoscopic bronchial occlusion using an endobronchial Watanabe spigot that facilitates occlusion of the target bronchus rapidly and accurately using a guidewire. We herein report the case of a man who was diagnosed with empyema forming bronchopulmonary fistulae that was successfully treated by endoscopic bronchial occlusion. Because of the multiple fistulae, balloon occlusion was not a favorable therapeutic approach.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins in β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Japan.

Objective: β-Lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae is a common opportunistic pathogen of hospital- and community-acquired infections, harboring multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ftsI gene, which codes for penicillin-binding protein-3. The objectives of this study were to perform comprehensive genetic analyses of whole regions of the penicillin-binding proteins in H. influenzae and to identify additional single nucleotide polymorphisms related to antibiotic resistance, especially to ampicillin and other cephalosporins.

Efficacy of switching to dolutegravir plus rilpivirine, the small-tablet regimen, in patients with dysphagia: two case reports.

Background: The advent of well-tolerated and effective anti-retroviral drugs against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection has been a major step forward that has achieved long-term survival in recent years. The number of HIV-1 infected patients who experience difficulty in swallowing tablets is expected to increase as the HIV-infected population advances in age or develops comorbidities or treatment sequelae affecting the central nervous system.

Case Presentation: Here, we describe two HIV-1-infected patients who experienced progressive dysphagia leading to inability to swallow the antiretroviral tablets included in the standard regimen.

A novel diagnostic method for malaria using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and MinION™ nanopore sequencer.

Background: A simple and accurate molecular diagnostic method for malaria is urgently needed due to the limitations of conventional microscopic examination. In this study, we demonstrate a new diagnostic procedure for human malaria using loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the MinION™ nanopore sequencer.

Methods: We generated specific LAMP primers targeting the 18S-rRNA gene of all five human Plasmodium species including two P.

A novel detection procedure for mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with peptide nucleic acid-mediated loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.

Rapid and easy detection of a single nucleotide point mutation of bacterial genes, which is directly linked to drug susceptibility, is essential for the proper use of antimicrobial agents. Here, we established a detection method using a peptide nucleic acid mediated loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assay for macrolide (ML)-susceptible Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This assay specifically detected the absence of missense mutations encoding the central loop of domain V in the gene encoding 23S rRNA, which can reduce the affinity for MLs and subsequently generate ML-resistant strains of M.

Diagnosis of imported Ugandan typhoid fever based on local outbreak information: A case report.

Re-emerging multidrug-resistant typhoid fever is becoming a worldwide threat, especially in East Africa. At the beginning of 2015, an outbreak of typhoid fever started in the capital city of Uganda, and 1940 suspected cases were reported by 5 March 2015. In this report, we describe a case of typhoid fever caused by a MDR strain with HIV infection and hemoglobin S-syndrome thalassemia in an Ugandan from Kampala City.

Progressive HIV-associated Cholangiopathy in an HIV Patient Treated with Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.

We herein describe a case of progressive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cholangiopathy despite normalization of laboratory parameters, which had indicated liver dysfunction, after the initiation of combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART). HIV-associated cholangiopathy remains important as a differential diagnosis of bile duct disorders, although it is considered to be a rare disease in the era of cART. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography could thus be a powerful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of this disease.

Clinical response to liposomal doxorubicin and rituximab in HHV-8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease in an HIV-positive patient.

We report a patient with HIV-associated multicentric Castleman's disease who had recurrent human herpesvirus-8 viremia associated with intermittent febrile exanthema and lymphadenopathy. Although the patient relapsed after single-agent treatment with liposomal doxorubicin, weekly infusions of rituximab led to complete remission even though the reactivation of the Kaposi's sarcoma was unfortunately observed. Rituximab could not only eliminate the accumulation of HHV-8 load but also play a part in the modulation of dysregulated CD20-positive B cells in HIV-associated multicentric Castleman's disease.

Mother-to-child transmission of congenital Chagas disease, Japan.

We report a patient with congenital Chagas disease in Japan. This report reemphasizes the role of neglected and emerging tropical diseases in the era of globalization. It also indicates the need for increased vigilance for detecting Chagas disease in non-disease-endemic countries.

[A case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis with extra-vascular granuloma and eosinophilic vasculitis diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy].

A 62-year-old man was suffering from bronchial asthma and referred to our institution with dry cough and dyspnea on exertion in November, 2010. He was diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EPGA, formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome) by chest radiographic findings, blood eosinophilia, mononeuritis multiplex and cardiomyopathy. Steroid therapy was started and he was rapidly improved.