Rectum necrosis in a patient with severe COVID19 infection after CAR-T therapy: a case report.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) can cause gastrointestinal complications as well as respiratory tract disease. Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis frequently occur in COVID19, especially in cases with severe clinical outcome. The relationship between gastrointestinal perforation and coagulopathy due to COVID19 remains unclear.

and/or Mutations Based on CtDNA Analysis as Prognostic Biomarkers for Primary Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Precise biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of molecularly targeted drugs are limited at the protein level; thus, it has been important to broadly scrutinize individual cancer driver gene mutations for effective cancer treatments. Multiplex cancer genome profiling can comprehensively identify gene mutations that are therapeutic targets using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a DNA fragment released into the blood by tumor cell-derived cell death or apoptosis.

The five-item modified frailty index predicts long-term outcomes in elderly patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.

Background: Frailty has been globally recognized as a predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes. Frailty assessment using the five-factor modified frailty index (5-mFI) has recently gained traction; however, long-term outcomes are unknown in colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. This study aimed to investigate whether the 5-mFI predicted long-term survival and cause of death on the basis of frailty severity in elderly patients who underwent CRC surgery and to determine the risk factors for mortality.

A novel germline mutation of TP53 with breast cancer diagnosed as Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene and, when dysfunctional, it is known to be involved in the development of cancers. Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary tumor with autosomal dominant inheritance that develops in people with germline pathogenic variants of TP53. LFS frequently develops in parallel to tumors, including breast cancer.

CCND1 Copy Number Variation in Circulating Tumor DNA from Luminal B Breast Cancer Patients.

Background/aim: Abnormalities in the cyclin D1-CDK4/6 complex have been implicated in breast cancer proliferation and resistance to treatment. Recently, new drugs have been developed to target CDK4/6. Meanwhile, liquid biopsy has received great interest in oncology.

Significance of the Multi-gene Panel myRisk in Japan.

Background/aim: Hereditary tumors are estimated to account for approximately 5-10% of all tumors. In Europe and the United States, multi-gene panel testing (MGPT) is the standard method used for identifying potential causative genes. However, MGPT it is still not widely used in Japan.

Colorectal cancer surgery in elderly patients 80 years and older: a comparison with younger age groups.

Background: A reduction in complications and mortality can be observed over the last few decades among elderly patients in the early postoperative period for colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery, but long-term outcomes are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of elderly patients 80 years and older after CRC surgery in comparison with younger age groups. The influence of clinical, oncological, and physical parameters on outcome were retrospectively analyzed.

Genetic medicine is accelerating in Japan.

Background: In 2018, BRACAnalysis® was covered by medical insurance in Japan as a companion diagnostic test for the poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor olaparib. In April 2020, eligibility for BRCA1/2 genetic testing was expanded to the diagnosis of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, and medical management including prophylactic surgery and surveillance were covered by public insurance for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who developed breast or ovarian cancer. The amount of BRCA1/2 genetic testing has been increasing recently, but the number of subjects and the impact of testing for patients' outcomes remain unclear.

Current Status and Problems of Breast Cancer Treatment with Schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disease that affects approximately 1% of the world's population. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in the world that causes death in women. It is often unclear whether patients with schizophrenia receive recommended cancer treatment that met the guideline.

Effect of the 2013 ASCO-CAP HER2 Testing Guideline on the Management of IHC/HER2 2+ Invasive Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: With advances in anti-HER2 treatment and improved prognoses of HER2-positive breast cancer, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) have revised the HER2 diagnostic guidelines several times. We examined how to respond clinically to the revisions of the interpretation of the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method.

Patients And Methods: We re-evaluated 254 patients diagnosed as HER2 IHC equivocal, who underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) before and after the IHC diagnostic criteria update in 2013.

Validity of the prognostication tool PREDICT version 2.2 in Japanese breast cancer patients.

Introduction: PREDICT is a prognostication tool that calculates the potential benefit of various postsurgical treatments on the overall survival (OS) of patients with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer. Once patient, tumor, and treatment details have been entered, the tool will show the estimated 5-, 10-, and 15-year OS outcomes, both with and without adjuvant therapies. This study aimed to conduct an external validation of the prognostication tool PREDICT version 2.

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-producing malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast: a rare case.

Background: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing tumors can cause leukocytosis despite an absence of infection. G-CSF-producing tumors have been reported in various organs such as the lung, esophagus, and stomach but rarely in the breast. We report a case of G-CSF-producing malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast.

Comprehensive molecular profiling broadens treatment options for breast cancer patients.

Precision oncology with next generation sequencing (NGS) using tumor tissue with or without blood has begun in Japan. Tumor molecular profiling tests are available, including the OncoGuide™ NCC Oncopanel System and FoundationOne CDx (F1CDx). Our purpose was to identify potentially actionable genetic alterations in breast cancer with this comprehensive tumor profiling test.

Microsatellite instability in Japanese female patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: It is important to identify biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Recently, pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), was approved as a treatment strategy for unresectable or metastatic tumor with high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficiency, such as malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell cancer and urothelial cancer. In addition, results from clinical trials suggested that ICI was a promising treatment for TNBCs with accumulated mutations.

A rare case of symptomatic grossly-visible biliary intraepithelial neoplasia mimicking cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) is often distinguished by what it is not: the precancerous lesions are not mass-forming, are not the cause of bile duct obstruction, and are small enough (less than 5 mm long) to evade detection by the naked eye. Here, we describe an atypical case of BilIN resembling cholangiocarcinoma (CC) that was large enough to be identified by diagnostic imaging and presented with obstructive jaundice caused by a hematoma in the common bile duct (CBD).

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old man presented to our hospital with upper abdominal pain and anorexia.

T-bet lymphocytes infiltration as an independent better prognostic indicator for triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: T-box transcription factor 21 (T-bet), which is the master regulator of effector T-cell activation, is derived by stimulation of T-cell receptors. In this study, we focused on T-bet and examined the function of activated T cells.

Methods: This study included 242 patients with primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who underwent resection without neoadjuvant chemotherapy between January 2004 and December 2014.