Biorelevant In Vitro Skin Permeation Testing and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Lidocaine from a Nonaqueous Drug-in-Matrix Topical System.

Recently, lidocaine topical systems utilizing nonaqueous matrices have been developed and provide efficient lidocaine delivery through the skin, such that lower concentrations of drug provide equivalent or greater drug delivery than drug-in-matrix hydrogel lidocaine patches. This study characterizes drug delivery from a nonaqueous lidocaine topical system with increasing drug load both in vitro and in vivo. Topical systems formulated with either 1.

A preliminary study of fluvoxamine maleate on depressive state and serum melatonin levels in patients after cerebral infarction.

Objective: Antidepressants have been recommended for the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluvoxamine maleate, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), on depressive state, sleep disturbance, and serum melatonin levels in patients with depressive state after cerebral infarction.

Methods: Nineteen patients who were hospitalized for cerebral infarction and scored 40 points or higher on the Self Depression Scale (SDS) were enrolled in this study.

Structural basis for catalytic activity of a silkworm Delta-class glutathione transferase.

Background: Glutathione transferase (GST) catalyzes glutathione conjugation, a major detoxification pathway for xenobiotics and endogenous substances. Here, we determined the crystal structure of a Delta-class GST from Bombyx mori (bmGSTD) to examine its catalytic residues.

Methods: The three-dimensional structure of bmGSTD was resolved by the molecular replacement method and refined to a resolution of 2.

Crystallographic survey of active sites of an unclassified glutathione transferase from Bombyx mori.

Background: Glutathione transferase (GST) catalyzes a major step in the xenobiotic detoxification pathway. We previously identified a novel, unclassified GST that is upregulated in an insecticide-resistant silkworm (Bombyx mori) upon insecticide exposure. Here, we sought to further characterize this GST, bmGSTu, by solving and refining its crystal structure and identifying its catalytic residues.

The effect of doxazosin mesilate on cerebral blood flow in patients with hypertension and chronic cerebral infarction.

alpha(1)-Adrenoceptor antagonists are useful antihypertensive agents for patients with hypertension who have hyperlipidemia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or pheochromocytoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, doxazosin mesilate, on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and flow velocity in the common carotid artery in patients with hypertension and chronic cerebral infarction. Doxazosin mesilate (1 mg/day) was orally administered for 4 to 8 weeks to 7 patients with hypertension 4 weeks after the onset of cerebral infarction.

A case of headache attributed to otitis media chronica cholesteatomatica with cerebral sigmoid sinus thrombosis.

Otitis media chronica cholesteatomatica with cerebral sigmoid sinus thrombosis is an important differential diagnosis in the evaluation of headache. We describe a 31-year-old Filipino man with chief complaints of headache, otalgia, vomiting, and vertigo, and no significant past medical history. Two years before admission he stuffed tissues into the right external auditory canal because of a noise in the street on the night of the New Years festival and sometimes had right ear discharge.

[Post-stroke depression].

The frequency of post-stroke depression (PSD) was evaluated in an ischemic stroke cohort four weeks after onset, and the relationship between self-rating depression scale (SDS)/and infarct size, number and location of the ischemic brain lesions was also studied. The effects of a newly developed antidepressant SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), fluvoxamine maleate, on PSD and cerebral blood flow (CBF) was investigated in other ischemic stroke patients. The frequency of patients who had more than 40 on SDS score was 46% (18/39), and that of patients who had more than 50 was 13% (5/39).