Prior Anticoagulation and Short- or Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation.

Background We aimed to clarify associations between prior anticoagulation and short- or long-term clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results A total of 1189 ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were hospitalized within 7 days after onset were analyzed. Of these, 813 patients (68.

[Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: a clinical study of 11 cases].

This study reports eleven cases of reversible cerebral vasospasm syndrome (RCVS). Of the 11 patients, two were males and nine were females, with the average age of 47.9 ± 14.

Two-Year Outcomes of Anticoagulation for Acute Ischemic Stroke With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation - SAMURAI-NVAF Study.

Background: We determined the 2-year long-term risk-benefit profile in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) receiving warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) using a prospective, multicenter, observational registry in Japan.

Methods and results: NVAF patients within 7 days after onset of ischemic stroke/TIA were enrolled in 18 stroke centers. Outcome measures included ischemic and bleeding events and death in the 2-year follow-up period.

Associations between Pre-Admission Risk Scores and Two-Year Clinical Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: We aimed to clarify associations between pre-admission risk scores (CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HAS-BLED) and 2-year clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) using a prospective, multicenter, observational registry.

Methods: From 18 Japanese stroke centers, ischemic stroke or TIA patients with NVAF hospitalized within 7 days after onset were enrolled. Outcome measures were defined as death/disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 2 years, 2-year mortality, and ischemic or hemorrhagic events within 2 years.

Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol: Risk Factor of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Well-Controlled Diabetes.

Background: Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels are a measure that provides information on daily glycemic variations. We evaluated whether 1,5-AG could be a possible marker of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of 5,294 AIS/TIA patients.

Vascular Risk Factors and Internal Jugular Venous Flow in Transient Global Amnesia: A Study of 165 Japanese Patients.

Background: The etiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) remains unclear. We studied the pathophysiology of TGA in 165 Japanese patients.

Subjects And Methods: TGA was diagnosed in hospitalized patients from 2004 to 2015.

Ability of the Ankle Brachial Index and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity to Predict the 3-Month Outcome in Patients with Non-Cardioembolic Stroke.

Aim: Both the ankle brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) are surrogates for atherosclerosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of ABI and baPWV to predict stroke outcome in patients with first-ever non-cardioembolic stroke.

Methods: This study included consecutive patients with first-ever non-cardioembolic stroke admitted within 1 week after onset to Ota Memorial Hospital between January 2011 and December 2013.

[Adult-Onset Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease in Two Female Siblings].

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) in two adult siblings (both women, aged 76 and 68 years) is reported on here. The elder sister had a resting tremor and bradykinesia at age 66 years, and treatment with L-DOPA was initiated(L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine). Three years later, she showed a frozen gait that was associated with the medication wearing off.

Ischemic Stroke Mortality Is More Strongly Associated with Anemia on Admission Than with Underweight Status.

Background: Underweight patients have recently been reported as a group with a high risk of poststroke death. Anemia also increases mortality rates in stroke patients. However, the causal associations between body weight and anemia resulting in stroke-related death remain unclear.

Potential multisystem degeneration in Asidan patients.

Objective: To evaluate a potential multisystem involvement of neurodegeneration in Asidan, in addition to cerebellar ataxia and signs of motor neuron disease.

Methods: We compared the new Asidan patients and those identified in previous studies with Parkinson's disease (PD, n=21), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n=13) patients using I-2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (I-FP-CIT) dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) and I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy (Asidan, DAT: n=10; MIBG: n=15).

Results: Both the PD and PSP groups served as positive controls for DAT decline.

Higher Risk of Ischemic Events in Secondary Prevention for Patients With Persistent Than Those With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.

Background And Purpose: The discrimination between paroxysmal and sustained (persistent or permanent) atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been considered in the approach to secondary stroke prevention. We aimed to assess the differences in clinical outcomes between mostly anticoagulated patients with sustained and paroxysmal AF who had previous ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Methods: Using data from 1192 nonvalvular AF patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who were registered in the SAMURAI-NVAF study (Stroke Management With Urgent Risk-Factor Assessment and Improvement-Nonvalvular AF; a prospective, multicenter, observational study), we divided patients into those with paroxysmal AF and those with sustained AF.

[Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in the patient with multiple sclerosis associated with congenital antithrombin deficiency].

We report the case of a 25-year-old man with multiple sclerosis (MS) who had severe headache and unconsciousness. He suffered from optic neuritis that had started at age 6. From the age of 12 years, he had suffered from multiple sclerosis (MS) cerebral lesions that relapsed three times over for 5 years.

Three-month risk-benefit profile of anticoagulation after stroke with atrial fibrillation: The SAMURAI-Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF) study.

Aims: This study was performed to determine the short-term risk-benefit profiles of patients treated with oral anticoagulation for acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack using a multicenter, prospective registry.

Methods: A total of 1137 patients (645 men, 77 ± 10 years old) with acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack taking warfarin (662 patients) or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (dabigatran in 205, rivaroxaban in 245, apixaban in 25 patients) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who completed a three-month follow-up survey were studied. Choice of anticoagulants was not randomized.

Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Particular Left Ventricle Segment Asynergy Associated with Cardioembolic Stroke from Old Myocardial Infarction.

Background: It is important to determine the usage of anticoagulants by defining the actual risk of cardioembolic stroke in patients with old myocardial infarction. In the present study, we aimed to more precisely evaluate the risks of each segment associated with cardioembolic stroke using a 16-segment model. The usage of the plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) associated with cardioembolic stroke was also evaluated in comparison with a left ventricle ejection fraction less than 40%.

Seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage; risk factor, recurrence, efficacy of antiepileptic drug.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for recurrent post stroke seizure (PSS) and the efficacy of anti-epileptic drugs (AED) in patients having intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with initial seizure.

Methods/subjects: A total of 1920 consecutive patients with ICH from 2004 to 2012 were investigated retrospectively. The relationships among the baseline clinical and radiological data, administration of AED, and incidence of initial and recurrent PSS were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Acute ischemic stroke associated with nephrotic syndrome: Incidence and significance - Retrospective cohort study.

We report 10 cases with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and clarified its incidence and clinical characteristics. The patients having albumin less than 3.0 g/dl and serum cholesterol greater than 250 mg/dl at the same time were retrospectively screened from 11,161 cases of stroke.

[A Clinical and Radiological Comparison of Adult- and Childhood-onset Tuberous Sclerosis Complex].

In this study, we assessed 11 patients who were definitively diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) based on the accepted clinical diagnostic criteria (Roach, 1998). We compared the clinical and radiological findings of six adult-onset TSC cases (group A) and five child-onset TSC cases (group B). The prevalence rates of generalized tonic-clonic convulsions at onset, mental retardation, facial angiofibroma, and epilepsy were lower in group A than in B group.

[Riluzole-induced interstitial pneumonia in a case with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

A 74-year-old woman was clinically diagnosed with possible amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and was administered 100 mg/day of riluzole. After 2 months, she developed dyspnea and experienced gradual difficulty walking. Chest computed tomography revealed ground-glass opacity and consolidation in the lower lobes of both the lungs, thereby suggesting a diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia.

Multicenter Study of Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Infusion around Hiroshima, Japan: The Hiroshima Acute Stroke Retrospective and Prospective Registry Study.

Objective: Approximately 10 years have passed since intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy was approved in Japan. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the effectiveness and safety of IV alteplase therapy with the Japanese original dose around Hiroshima via consideration of the patients' backgrounds, examination findings, and outcomes.

Methods: All consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who received IV alteplase therapy between October 2005 and October 2010 were registered.

[Clinical, epidemiological and etiological studies of adult aseptic meningitis: Report of 13 cases with mumps meningitis].

We experienced 13 cases (29.8 ± 7.0 years) of mumps meningitis and 365 cases of adult aseptic meningitis during 11 years from 2004 to 2014.

[Chronic intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia: Report of two cases and prevalence].

Two patients presented with chronic intracerebral hemorrhage (CIH) in the basal ganglia. A 48-year-old man (Case 1) was admitted to our hospital because of hypertensive right putaminal hemorrhage. On day 14, his hematoma surrounding the edema had grown without re-bleeding as seen on head CT, which was then removed endoscopically on day 28.

Effects of Meteorological Conditions on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke Events in Patients Treated with Alteplase--HEWS-tPA.

Background: Predicting a day that presents a high risk for the occurrence of ischemic stroke events may enable health professionals to prepare for emergency stroke therapy more properly. We evaluated the association between meteorological conditions and the frequency of ischemic stroke events in Japanese patients.

Methods: Ischemic stroke patients (n = 299) who were treated with alteplase at 9 stroke hospitals in 3 restricted areas were examined.

Trends in oral anticoagulant choice for acute stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in Japan: the SAMURAI-NVAF study.

Background: Large clinical trials are lack of data on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for acute stroke patients.

Aim: To evaluate the choice of oral anticoagulants at acute hospital discharge in stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and clarify the underlying characteristics potentially affecting that choice using the multicenter Stroke Acute Management with Urgent Risk-factor Assessment and Improvement-NVAF registry (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01581502).